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ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구는 중학생과 그들의 부모를 대상으로 성격특질로서의 자아탄력성을 통해 집단을 분류하고 이러한 집단에 따라 내재화 및 외현화 문제, 학교적응에 있어 차이를 보이는지를 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 수집된 자료를 Q요인분석을 통해 분석한 결과 기존의 외국 연구와 같이 탄력집단, 비탄력 과잉통제집단, 비탄력 과소통제집단으로 분류가 가능하였다. 또한 이들 세집단간에 자아탄력성과 자아통제성 수준도 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이들 집단별로 내재화 및 외현화 문제와 학교적응 양상에서 차이를 분석한 결과. 탄력집단은 내재화 및 외현화 문제를 가장 적게 보였으며 비탄력 과잉통제집단은 내재화 문제를, 비탄력 과소통제집단은 외현화 문제를 각각 더 보였으며, 비탄력 과소통제집단의 경우 비탄력 과잉통제집단과 내재화 문제의 정도는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 학교생활적응의 경우 탄력집단과 비탄력집단들 간에 전체 학교적응도, 교사와의 관계, 학업성취에서 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 특히 탄력집단은 비탄력 과소통제집단보다 학교적응도와 학업성취에서 유의미하게 좋은 적응을 보였다. 논의에서는 집단분류에서 학년별 차이가 있는 것과, 탄력집단의 통제성이 비탄력과잉통제 집단과 차이를 보이지 않는 점, 과잉통제집단이 내재화문제만 보이는 반면 과소통제집단은 내재화와 외현화문제를 둘 다 보이는 점 등에 대해 언급하였다.
The purpose of this study was to identify resilient, overcontrolled, undercontrolled personality types and illuminate the differences of internalizing, externalizing problems and school adaptation by the three personality types. This survey was conducted on middle school students and their parents. Our results identified three replicable personality types. Ego-resiliency and ego-control were significantly different in the three personality types. In the resilient type, there were significantly less internalizing and externalizing problems. In overcontrolled types, there were significantly more internalizing problems. In undercontrolled types, there were more externalizing problems. In terms of school adaptation, resilient types and nonresilient types were significantly different in their levels of school adaptation, relation with teachers, and school achievement. Finally, the reasons why the ego- control did not differ in resilient and overcontrolled types, and undercontrolled type reveals both internalizing and externalizing problems. The issue of overcontrolled types and the internalizing of problems was also discussed.
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