ISSN : 1229-0688
상담장면에서의 변화동기란, 상담 시작 전 내담자의 자발성과 관련된 상담 동기 뿐 아니라 상담 과정 중에 일어나는 긍정적인 변화와 관련된 동기를 모두 포괄한다. 본 연구에서는 우선 변화동기와 관련된 개념들을 살펴보고, 이와 관련된 근접분야 즉 중독 및 건강심리학 분야에서 발표된 관련이론들(SDT, TTM, MI, 그리고 HAPA)을 중심으로 변화동기의 원리가 무엇인지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이러한 개관은 긍정적인 변화의 기제가 무엇인지 지식을 넓히는 데 도움이 되며, 특히 동기상태와 동기변화단계에 대한 이해에 도움이 되었다. 그러나 이러한 지식과 원리를 일반 상담장면에 적용하는 구체적인 방법과 객관적인 평가과정은 여전히 과제로 남아 있었다. 또한 각 이론들은 무동기(amotivation) 상태의 내담자를 위한 동기형성 및 강화에 대해서는 중요하게 다루지 않고 있어서 이 부분은 앞으로의 과제로 남아있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 덧붙여 각 이론에서 강조되는 개념 중 하나가 자기효능감 임을 발견할 수 있었으며, 변화동기와 관련하여 자기효능감의 중요성에 대해 논의 하였다.
Motivation for change in a counseling setting includes clients' readiness for change at the beginning of counseling and their positive changes across the entire counseling period. Further understanding the concept and mechanism for positive change could contribute to improve counselors' service to their clients. The current study aimed to review literatures for various definitions and theories (e.g. SDT, TTM, MI, and HAPA) of motivation for change proposed and developed mostly in health psychology (e.g. addiction). Eventually, this review of motivation for change in a counseling setting was designed to increase the application of those theories to a counseling setting. Given this review, the noteworthy consistent finding in literatures about motivation for change was that self-efficacy is one of the most important factors influencing clients' motivation for change. Furthermore, the importance of self-efficacy and its implication to counselors and counseling psychology are discussed.
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