ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구는 완벽주의의 대인관계적 측면인 ‘완벽주의적 자기제시’와 전문적 도움추구태도와의 관련성을 살펴보고, 더 나아가 이들 간의 관계에서 ‘자아존중감’의 조절효과를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해 대학생 217명을 대상으로 완벽주의적 자기제시 척도, 자아존중감 척도, 전문적 도움추구태도 척도를 사용하여 조사를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 완벽주의적 자기제시 하위변인과 전문적 도움추구태도 간에 부분적으로 관련성을 나타내었으며, 완벽주의적 자기제시의 하위변인들의 영향력이 통제된 상황에서는 완벽주의적 자기제시의 하위변인인 ‘불완전함 은폐노력-언어적’이 전문적 도움추구태도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 완벽주의적 자기제시의 하위변인인 ‘완벽주의적 자기노력’과 전문적 도움추구태도와의 관계에서 자아존중감의 조절효과를 발견할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 전문적 도움추구와 관련된 완벽주의적 성격 특성에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓힐 수 있었다. 더 나아가 완벽주의적 자기제시와 자아존중감을 함께 고려함으로써 타인에게 완벽한 모습만을 보여주고자 노력하는 특성이 강한 사람들이 자아존중감 수준에 따라 전문적 도움추구에 대한 태도가 달라질 수 있음을 발견하였다는 데에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.
The purpose of the present study was two-folds; 1) to investigate the relations of perfectionistic self-presentation and the attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help; 2) to examine the moderation effects of self esteem on these relations. For this study, 217 college students were recruited. Results were as follows. First, several sub-factors of the perfectionistic self-presentation were negatively associated with sub-factors of the attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. In particular, one of sub-factors of the perfectionistic self-presentation, ‘nondisclosure of imperfection: language (NDC-L)’, yielded a negative effect on attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help, controlling the effects of other subscales. Second, self-esteem moderated the relation between a sub-factor of the perfectionistic self-presentation, ‘perfectionistic self promotion(PSP)’ and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help. Finally, the implications of this study and directions for future study are discussed.
김주미, 유성경 (2002). 전문적 도움 추구 행동에 영향을 미치는 심리적, 문화적 요인. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 14, 991-1002.
신연희 (2004). 전문적 도움 추구 행동에서 접근요인과 회피요인의 상대적 중요성 고찰. 부산대학교 석사학위논문.
장진이 (2001). 자기은폐와 정서표현 성향, 지각된 사회적 지지 그리고 도움추구 태도간의 관계. 이화여자대학교 석사학위논문.
전병제 (1974). 자아개념 측정 가능성에 관한 연구. 연세논총, 11(1), 107-130.
홍세희 (2007). 구조 방정식 모형의 이론과 응용. 연세대학교 사회복지학과(비간행본).
Alden, L. E., & Bieling, P. (1998). Interpersonal consequences of the pursuit of safety. Behavior Research and Therapy, 36, 53-64.
Blatt, S., & Blass, R. (1992). Relatedness and self-definition. In J. Barron, M. Eagle, & D. Wolitsky (Eds.), The interface of psychoanalysis and psychology (pp. 399-428). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Buss, A. H., & Finn, S. E. (1987). Classification of personality trait. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(2), 432-444.
Ceprda-Benito, A., & Short, P. (1998). Self- concealment, avoidance of psychological services, and perceived likelihood of seeking professional help. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(1), 58-64.
Crocker, J., & Wolfe, C. T. (2001). Contingencies of self-worth. Psychological Review, 108, 593- 623.
Ey. S., Henning, D. L., & Shaw, D. L. (2000). Attitudes and factors related to seeking mental health treatment among medical and dental students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 14(3), 23-39.
Fisher, E. H., & Turner, J. L. (1970). Orientations to seeking professional help: development and research utility of an attitude scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 451-462.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & DeRosa, T. (1996). Dimensions of perfectionism, psychosocial adjustment, and social skills. Personality and Individuals, 20, 143-150.
Flett, G. L., Madorsky, D., Hewitt, P. L., & Heisel, M. J. (2002). Perfectionism cognitions, rumination, and psychological distress. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 20, 31-45.
Hewitt, P. L, & Flett, G. L. (2002). Perfectionism and stress processes in psychopathology. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp.255-284). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Hewitt, P. L, & Flett, G. L. (2003). Perfectionistic self-presentation and maladjustment. Paper presented at the annual conference of American Psychological Association, Toronto, Canada.
Hewitt, P. L, Flett, G. L., & Ediger, E. (1995). Perfectionism traits and perfectionistic self-presentation in eating disorder attitudes, characteristics, and symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 18, 317-326.
Hewitt, P. L, & Flett, G. L., Sherry, S. B., Habke, M., Parkin, M., Lam, R. W., Lam, R. W., McMurtry, B., Ediger, E., Fairlie, P., & Stein, M. B. (2003). The interpersonal expression of perfection: Perfectionistic self- presentation and psychological distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(6), 1303-1325.
Hewitt, P. L, Flynn, C. A., Mikhail, S., Sherry, S. B., & Flett, G. l. (2007). Evaluation of brief psychodynamic/interpersonal group therapy for perfectionism. Manuscript in preparation.
Hewitt, P. L, Habke, M., Lee-Baggley, D. L., Sherry, S. B., & Flett, G. L. (2008). The impact of perfectionistic self-presentation on the cognitive, affective, and physiological experience of a clinical interview. Psychiatry, 71(2), 93-122.
Hewitt, P. L, Lee-Baggley, D. L., Flett, G. F., Blasberg, J., Han, H., & Tomlin, M. (2007). Perfectionism and seeking help for psychological difficulties. Manuscript in preparation.
Horney, K. (1950). Neurosis and human growth. New York: Norton.
Kahn, J. H., Achter, J. A., & Shambaugh, E. J. (2001). Client distress disclosure, characteristics at intake, and outcome in brief counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48(2), 203-211.
Kelly, A. E., & Achter, J. A. (1995). Self- concealment and attitudes towards counseling in university students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(1), 40-46.
Kiesler, D. (1996). Contemporary interpersonal theory and research: Personality, psychopathology, and psychotherapy. New York: Willy.
Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 34-47.
Leary, M. R., Tambor, E. S., Terdal, S. K., & Downs, D. L. (1995). Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor: The sociometer: The sociometer hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68, 518-530.
Leventhal, N. (2007). Perfectionism, self-concealment, and attitudes toward mental health treatment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The New School for Social Research.
Mills, J., & Blankstein, K. R. (2000). Perfectionism, intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, and motivated strategies for learning: A multidimensional analysis of university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 1191-1204.
Norcross, J. C. (2002). Psychotherapy Relationships That Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients. New York: Oxford University Press.
Paulhus, D. L., & Martin, C. L. (1987). The structure of personality capabilities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 354-365.
Rice, K. G., Ashby, J. S., & Slaney, R. B. (1998). Self-esteem as a mediator between perfectionism and depression: A structural equations analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 301-316.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. In M. Rosenberg (Eds.), Social psychology of the self-concept. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Schimmack, U., & Diener, E. (2003). Predictive validity of explicit and implicit self-esteem for subjective well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 100-106.
Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Sherry, S. B., Hewitt, P. L., Flett, G. L., Lee-Baggley, D. L., & Hall, P. A. (2007). Trait perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in personality pathology. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 477- 490.
Wachtel, P. L. (1994). Cyclical processes in personality and psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 51-54.
Weisinger, H., & Lobsenz, N. (1981). Nobody's perfect. New York: Warner Books.
