본 연구에서는 자기결정이론에 바탕을 두고 아동용 어머니-자녀 관계에서의 기본 심리적 욕구만족 척도를 개발하고 타당화하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌조사 및 아동들을 대상으로 한 인터뷰를 통해 문항제작을 위한 자료수집과정을 거쳤고, 아동상담 및 놀이치료 전문가와 자기결정이론 전문가들의 자문 및 평정을 통해 47문항의 예비문항을 제작하여, 이를 초등학교 3,4학년의 아동들에게 실시하였다. 탐색적 요인분석결과 연구자의 가설과 같이 자율성, 유능성, 관계성의 세 가지 요인구조로 이루어졌음을 확인하였고 최종 14문항이 확정되었다. 이렇게 확정된 14문항으로 초등학교 3학년이상의 아동들을 대상으로 본 조사를 실시하였고, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 세 가지 요인구조를 확인하였다. 또한 수렴타당도 검증을 위해 애착척도, 자기효능감척도, 자기결정행동척도와의 상관분석을 실시한 결과 적절한 상관을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 아동용 다면적 생활만족도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보기 위해 회귀분석을 실시하였고, 그 결과 준거관련타당도 및 변별타당도를 지닌 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구에서 개발된 척도의 제한점 및 활용가능성을 논의하였다.
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNS) in Mother-child relationships for Korean children given the Self-determination theory (SDT). Literature reviews on the Self-determination and the results of preliminary interview were used to create items. Forty seven candidate items were administered to children in grades 3 and 4. The results of the exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. And the further item analysis resulted in 14 items as the final version. The final 14 items were administered to children in grades 3 through 6. The evidence of the construct validity was obtained from a confirmatory factor analysis, and the convergent validity of the scale was supported by the correlation analysis. The results of regression analysis offered an evidence of criterion-related and discriminant validity. Results are also discussed in terms of the potential utility of the scale.
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