본 연구에서는 성인애착이 부적응적 완벽주의와 기본 심리적 욕구 만족을 매개로 심리적 디스트레스에 직간접적인 영향을 미치는 인과적 구조모형을 설정하고, 모형의 적합도 및 개별 변인의 영향력을 살펴보았다. 연구를 위해 서울과 경기도에 소재한 4개 대학에 재학 중인 대학생 326명으로부터 자료를 수집하였고, 구조방정식 모형을 적용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 측정모형은 자료에 적합한 것으로 나타났고, 모든 변인 간 경로를 설정한 가설모형이 부적응적 완벽주의에서 기본 심리적 욕구 만족으로 향하는 경로를 설정하지 않은 경쟁모형에 비해 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로는 애착불안이 부적응적 완벽주의를 통해 기본 심리적 욕구 만족에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 부적응적 완벽주의는 기본 심리적 욕구 만족을 통해 심리적 디스트레스에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 부적응적 완벽주의는 애착불안이 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향을 완전매개하였고, 기본 심리적 욕구 만족은 애착회피가 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향을 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 애착불안과 애착회피가 심리적 디스트레스에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 부적응적 완벽주의와 기본 심리적 욕구 만족의 이중매개 효과는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 드러났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 후속연구 및 상담실제에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.
The current study examined the mediation effects of maladaptive perfectionism and basic psychological needs satisfaction on the link between adult attachment and psychological distress by analyzing responses from 326 college students. Results showed that a hypothesized model produced a better fit to the data than a comparative structural model including no direct path between maladaptive perfectionism and basic psychological needs satisfaction. The association between adult attachment anxiety and psychological distress and the relation between adult attachment avoidance and psychological distress were fully mediated by maladaptive perfectionism and basic psychological needs satisfaction, respectively. Adult attachment anxiety influenced maladaptive perfectionism which in turn impacted basic psychological needs satisfaction. On the other hand, the basic psychological needs satisfaction partially mediated the link between maladaptive perfectionism and psychological distress. Implications of the current findings for future research and counseling practice are discussed.
김광은 (2004). 성인 애착 유형과 요인에 따른 성격 특성 및 스트레스 대처방식. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 16(1), 53-69.
김민선, 서영석 (2010). 대학생의 부적응적 완벽주의와 성인애착에 따른 집단 분류와 심리적 특성에 대한 집단 간 차이. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(2), 413 -434.
김성현 (2004). 친밀관계검사 개정판 타당화 연구: 확증적 요인분석과 문항반응이론을 중심으로. 서울대학교 석사학위논문.
김은정, 김향구, 황순택 (역) (2002). 이상심리학. Sarason, I. G., & Sarason, B. R.의 Abnormal Psychology. 서울: 학지사.
김은주 (2007). 부모자녀관계와 자기결정성 요인들이 대학신입생들의 학교생활 만족도에 미치는 영향. 교육심리연구, 21(3), 539-555.
김정미 (2009). 대학생의 부적응적 완벽주의와 부적응적 정서의 관계: 자기비난과 수치심의 매개효과. 청소년학연구, 16(10), 205-225.
김주환, 김민규, 홍세희 (2009). 구조방정식모형으로 논문쓰기. 서울: 커뮤니케이션북스
김현정 (2007). 완벽주의에 대한 인지적 매개모형의 탐색과 인지행동치료의 효과. 전북대학교 박사학위논문.
서영숙 (2009). 완벽주의와 심리적 부적응과의 관계에서 수치심과 대처방식의 매개효과. 경북대학교 박사학위논문.
안하얀, 서영석 (2010). 성인애착, 심리적 디스트레스, 대인관계문제: 피드백에 대한 반응, 정서적 대처, 사회적 지지추구의 매개 효과 검증. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(3), 575-603.
유미숙, 하은혜, 김혜진 (2004). 완벽주의 성향의 발달요인에 관한 연구 - 부모의 양육 태도, 가족의 기능적 특성, 부모에 대한 애착 유형을 중심으로. 청소년학연구, 11(3), 425-444.
이명희, 김아영 (2008). 자기 결정성 이론에 근거한 한국형 기본 심리 욕구 척도 개발 및 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 22(4), 157-174.
이민희, 정태연 (2008). 자기결정이론을 토대로한 학습동기 경로 모형 검증. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 14(1), 77-99.
임규혁 (1997). 간이정신진단검사(SCL-90-R)의 심리측정학적 재조명: 확인적 요인분석을 중심으로. 교육심리연구, 11(1), 157-189.
장휘숙 (2002). 청년후기의 부모에 대한 애착, 분리-개별화 및 심리사회적 적응. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 15(1), 101-121.
정승진 (1999). 완벽성 감소를 위한 인지행동 집단상담 프로그램 개발. 연세대학교 박사학위논문.
조화진, 서영석 (2010). 부모애착, 분리-개별화, 성인애착, 대학생활적응, 심리적 디스트레스의 관계 - 대학신입생을 대상으로-. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(2), 385-411.
Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1989). Attachment beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716.
Anderson, P., & Perris, C. (2000). Attachment styles and dysfunctional assumptions in adults. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 7(1), 47-53.
Batholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226-244.
Barrow, J. C., & Moore, C. A. (1983). Group intervention with perfectionist thinking, Personal and Guidance Journal, 6(10), 612-615.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment. In J. A, Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (46-76). New York: Guilford Press.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Vol. 3. Loss, sadness, and depression. New York: Basic Books.
Cook, W. L. (2000). Understanding attachment security in family context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 285-294.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-268.
Derogatis, L. R. (1983). SCL-90-R administration, scoring, and procedures manual-Ⅱ. Twoson, MD: Clinical Psychometric Research.
Enn, M. W., & Cox, B. (2002). The nature and assessment of perfectionism: A critical analysis. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment (pp.33-62). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Flett, G. L. (2002). Perfectionsim: Theory, research, and treatment (pp.33-62). Washington, DC: American Psychology Association.
Flett, G. L., Hewitt, P. L., & Singer, A. (1995). Perfectionism and parental authority styles. Individual Psychology, 51(1), 50-60.
Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. G. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 350-365.
Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionsim. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 119-126.
Frost, R. O., & Marten, P. A. (1990). Perfectionism and evaluate threat. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 14(6), 559-572.
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449-468.
Hamachek, D. E. (1978). Psychodynamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. A Journal of Human Behavior, 15(1), 27-33.
Ilardi, B. C., Leone, D., Kasser, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Employee and supervisor ratings of motivation: Main effects and discrepancies associated with job satisfaction and adjustment in a factory setting. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23(21), 1789-1805.
La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367-384.
Lopez, F. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). Dynamic process underlying adult attachment organization: Toward an attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and effective self. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(3), 283-300.
Lopez, F. G., Mauricio, A. M., Gormley, B., Simko, T., & Berger, C. (2001). Adult attachment orientations and college student distress: The mediating role of problem coping styles. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(4), 459-464.
Lopez, F. G., Mitchell, P., & Gormley, B. (2002). Adult attachment orientations and college student distress: Test of a mediational Model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(4), 460-467.
Marsh, H. W., Martin, D., James, P., & Richard, W. (2004). Why multicollinearity matters: A reexamination of relations between self-efficacy, self-concept, and achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(3), 518-522.
Overbeek, G., Vollebergh, W., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Meeus, W. (2003). Parental attachment and romantic relationships: Associations with emotional disturbance during late adolescence. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 28-39.
Pietromonaco, P. R., & Feldman Barrett, L. (2000). The internal working models concept: What do we really know about the self in relation to others? Review of General Psychology, 4(2), 155-175.
Randolph, J. J., & Dykman, B. M. (1998). Perceptions of parenting and depression -proneness in the offspring: Dysfunctional attitudes as ad mediation mechanism.. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22(4), 377-400.
Rice, K. G., & Dellwo, J. P. (2002). Perfectionism and self-development: Implications for college adjustment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80(2), 188-196.
Rice, K. G., & Mirzadeh, S. A. (2000). Perfectionism, attachment, and adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(2), 238-250.
Robert, J. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: The mediation roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem. Personality Processes and Individual Difference, 70(2), 310-320.
Russell, D. W., Kahn, J. H., Spoth, R. S., & Altmaier, E. M. (1998). Analyzing data from experimental studies: A latent variable structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(1), 18-29.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Selfdetermination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
Ryan, R. M., & Lynch, J. (1989). Emotional autonomy versus detachment: Revisiting the vicissitudes of adolescence and young adulthood. Child Development, 60(2), 340-356.
Sheldon, K. M., Elliot. A. J., Kim, Y., & Kasser, T. (2001). What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 325-339.
Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1977). Attachment as an organizational construct. Child Development, 48(4), 1184-1199.
Wei, M., Heppner, P. P., Russell, D. W., & Young, S. K. (2006). Maladaptive perfectionism and ineffective coping as mediators between attachment and future depression: A prospective analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 67-79.
Wei, M., Mallinckrodt, B., Russell, D. W., & Abraham, W. T. (2004). Maladaptive perfectionism as a mediator and moderator between adult attachment and depressive mood. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 201-212.
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, social self-efficacy, comfort with self-disclosure, loneliness, and subsequent depression for freshmen college students: A longitudinal design. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 602-614.
Wei, M., Shaffer, P. A., Young, S. K., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, shame, depression, and loneliness: The mediation role of basic psychological needs satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 591-601.
Wei, M., Vogel, D. L., Ku, T. Y., & Zaklik, R. (2005). Adult attachment, affect regulation, negative mood, and interpersonal problems: The mediating roles of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(1), 14-24.
West, S. G., Finch, J. F., & Curran, P. J. (1995). Structural equation models with nonnormal variables: Problems and remedies. In Rick H. Hoyle (ed.), Structural Equation modeling: Concepts, issues and applications (pp.56-75). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Wintres, M. G., & Sugar, L. A. (2000). Relationships with parents, personality, and the university transition. Journal of College Student Development, 41(2), 202-214.
