open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구에서는 Super(1990)의 이론에 따라 전생애를 탐색기(20대), 확립기(30-40대), 유지기(50대 이후)로 구분하고, 생애주기별 진로적응과업에 대한 개념적 구조를 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 각 주기별로 10명씩의 참여자를 모집하여, 총 30명을 대상으로 진로적응과업과 관련한 경험에 대해 묻는 면접을 실시하였다. 면접내용을 바탕으로 핵심문장을 추출하고(탐색기 70개, 확립기 68개, 유지기 62개), 각 문장에 대한 중요도를 평정하였으며, 다차원 척도법 및 군집분석을 통해 개념도 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 탐색기의 성인들은 진로적응과업에 대해 ‘자기 이해-직업 이해’, ‘탐색 차원-몰입 차원’을 두 축으로 하여, 1) ‘경험적 자기이해’, 2) ‘진로정보수집’, 3) ‘합리적 진로 준비 활동’의 세 개의 군집으로 지각하고 있었다. 둘째, 활동기의 성인들은 ‘관계차원-개인차원’, ‘직무내-직무외’를 두 축으로 하여, 1) ‘효율적 관계형성’, 2) ‘성과지향 및 자기관리’, 3) ‘지지적 관계 형성’, 4) ‘외부자원의 활용’의 네 개의 군집으로 진로적응과업을 이해하고 있었다. 셋째, 유지기 성인들은 ‘직업적차원-생애적차원’, ‘사회활동-개인내부’를 두 축으로 하여, 1) ‘자기개발 및 만족’, 2) ‘지역사회활동’, 3) ‘긍정적 직업관’, 4) ‘은퇴준비’의 네 개 군집으로 진로적응과업을 구조화하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 진로상담에서의 함의점과 연구 시사점을 논하였다.
This study was intended to identify the conceptual structure of career adaptability tasks across the adult life cycle divided for exploration stage, establishment stage, and maintenance stage according to the Super’s theory. Interviews were conducted with 30 people. In each cycle, 10 participants were recruited, asking about the experience related to career adaptability tasks. Based on their responses, the key sentences were extracted and rated importance. Additionally a concept mapping analysis was performed. Results were as the following: First, participants in exploration stage identified 3 clusters(‘empirical self-understanding’, ‘career information seeking’, and ‘reasonable career preparation activities’). Second, participants in establishment stage identified 4 clusters(‘effective relationships’, ‘performance-oriented and self-management’, ‘supportive relationships’, and ‘the use of external resources’). Third, participants in maintenance stage identified 4 clusters(‘self-development and satisfaction’, ‘community action’, ‘positive perspectives on career’ and ‘preparing for retirement’). We discuss the points in career counseling and research implications based on these results.
고용노동부 (2013). 2013년 고용노동통계, World Wide Web: http://laborstat.molab.go.kr 에서 2014. 9. 자료 얻음.
권석만 (2006). 젊은이를 위한 인간관계 심리학2판. 서울: 학지사.
권혜경, 이희경 (2013). 초심상담자와 숙련상담자가 지각하는 내담자 강점과 활용방안에대한 개념도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담및 심리치료, 25(3), 397-424.
김봉환 (2000). 청소년 진로 상담 정책의 현황과 과제. 청소년 상담연구, 81(1), 149-169.
김영주, 장재현, 김대원, 이지원 (2013). 초심상담수련생과 내담자가 겪는 조기종결 경험에 대한 개념도 연구. 한국심리학회지:상담 및 심리치료, 25(2), 157-186.
민경화, 최윤정 (2007). 상담학 연구에서 개념도(Concept Mapping) 방법의 적용. 상담학연구, 8(4), 1291-1307.
보건복지부 (2011). 2010 보건복지백서. 보건복지부.
손은령, 손진희 (2005). 한국 대학생의 진로결정 및 준비행동-사회 인지적 진로이론을중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(2), 399-417.
이상희 (2007). 진로장애와 진로성숙의 관계에대한 진로자기효능감의 매개효과와 사회적지지의 중재효과 검증. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 19(2), 375-392.
장계영 (2009). 대학생 진로적응성 척도 개발. 숙명여자대학교 박사학위논문.
정철영 (2000). 기초직업능력 강화방안. 교육부.
조성연, 문미란, 정진선 (2005). 가족관련 변인과 역기능적 진로사고의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(1), 111-129.
조항, 김계현, 이자명 (2009). 진로상담: 국내진로 및 직업상담 연구 동향 분석: 국내상담학회 및 상담심리학회 발간 학술지를 중심으로. 상담학연구, 10(4), 2099-2113.
진미석, 윤형한 (2004). 성인대상 진로개발 지원인력의 양성․활용 실태와 개선 방안. 서울:한국직업능력개발원.
최윤정, 김계현 (2007). 고학력 기혼여성의 진로단절 위기 경험에 대한 개념도(Concept Mapping) 연구. 상담학연구, 8(3), 1031-1045.
통계청 (2009). 향후 10년간 사회변화요인 분석및 시사점. 통계청.
허보연, 김봉환 (2012). 개념도 방법을 통한 여자대학생이 지각하는 진로장벽 탐색. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 24(3), 621-639.
Bedi, R. P. (2006). Concept mapping the client’s perspective on counseling alliance formation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 26-35.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by design and nature. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Brown, A., Bimrose, J., Barnes, S. A., & Hughes, D. (2012). The role of career adaptabilities for mid-career changers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 754-761.
Cairo, P. C., Kritis, K. J., & Myers, R. M. (1996). Career assessment and the adult career concerns inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 4(2), 189-204.
Goodman, J. (1994). Career adaptability in adults:A construct whose time has come. The Career Development Quarterly, 43(1), 74-84.
Goodyear, R. K., Tracey, T. J. G., Claiborn, C. D., Lichtenberg, J. W., & Wampold, B. E. (2005). Ideographic concept mapping in counseling psychology research: Conceptual overview, methodology, and illustration. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 236-242.
Hall, D. T. (1996). Protean careers of the 21st century. The Academy of Management Executive, 10(4), 8-16.
Hall, D. T., Briscoe, J. P., & Kram, K. E. (1997). Identity, values and learning in the protean career. Creating Tomorrow’s Organizations, 321-332.
Hamtiaux, A., Houssemand, C., & Vrignaud, P. (2013). Individual and career adaptability:Comparing models and measures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83(2), 130-141.
Hayes, K. H. (1996). Managing career transitions:Your career as a work in progress. Gorsuch Scarisbrick.
Herr, E. L., & Cramer, S. H. (1992). Career guidance and counseling through the life span:Systematic approaches (4th ed.). New York:HarperCollins
Hirschi, A. (2009). Career adaptability development in adolescence: Multiple predictors and effect on sense of power and life satisfaction. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(2), 145-155.
Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Hwang, K. K. (2006). Moral face and social face:Contingent self?esteem in Confucian society. International Journal of Psychology, 41(4), 276-281.
Jepsen, D. A. (1996). Relationships between developmental career counseling theory and practice. Handbook of Career Counseling Theory and Practice, 135-153.
Johnsen, J. A., Biegel, D. E., & Shafran, R. (2000). Concept mapping in mental health:uses and adaptations. Evaluation and Program Planning, 23(1), 67-75.
Kane, M., & Trochim, W. M. K. (2007). Concept mapping for planning and evaluation. California:Sage.
Kenny, M. E., & Bledsoe, M. (2005). Contributions of the relational context to career adaptability among urban adolescents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 257-272.
Koen, J., Klehe, U. C., Van Vianen, A. E., Zikic, J., & Nauta, A. (2010). Job-search strategies and reemployment quality: The impact of career adaptability. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(1), 126-139.
Morrison, R. F., & Hall, D. T. (2002). Career adaptability. Careers In and Out of Organizations, 7, 205-232.
Mortimer, J. T., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Holmes, M., & Shanahan, M. J. (2002). The process of occupational decision making: Patterns during the transition to adulthood. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(3), 439-465.
Murphy, P. P., & Burck, H. D. (1976). Career development of men at mid-life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 9(3), 337-343.
Ng, T. W., & Feldman, D. C. (2007). Organizational embeddedness and occupational embeddedness across career stages. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70(2), 336-351.
Paulson, B. L., & Worth, M. (2002). Counseling for suicide: Client perspectives. Journal of Counseling Psychology and Development, 80, 86-93.
Paulson, B. L., Truscott, K., & Stuart, J. (1999). Client’s perceptions of helpful experiences in counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 317-324.
Ployhart, R. E., & Bliese, P. D. (2006). Individual adaptability (I-Adapt) theory: Conceptualizing the antecedents, consequences, and measurement of individual differences in adaptability. In C. S. Burke, L. G. Pierce, & E. Salas (Eds.), Understanding adaptability: A prerequisite for effective performance within complex environments (pp. 3.39). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Porfeli, E. J., & Vondracek, F. W. (2009). Career development, work, and occupational success. Handbook of Research on Adult Learning and Development, 412-436.
Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 612-624.
Rossier, J., Zecca, G., Stauffer, S. D., Maggiori, C., & Dauwalder, J. P. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale in a French-speaking Swiss sample: Psychometric properties and relationships to personality and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 734-743.
Savickas, M. L. (1997). Adaptability: An integrative construct for life-span, life-space theory. Career Development Quarterly, 45, 247.259.
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In R. W. Lent, & S. D. Brown (Eds.), Career development and counseling:Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42.70). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
Savickas, M. L., & Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661-673.
Schiffman, S. S., Reynolds, M. L., & Young, F. W. (1981). Introduction to Multidimensional Scaling. New York: Academic Press.
Seligman, L. (2006). Sensemaking throughout adoption and the innovation-decision process. European Journal of Innovation Management, 9(1), 108-120.
Soresi, S., Nota, L., & Ferrari, L. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale-Italian Form: Psychometric properties and relationships to breadth of interests, quality of life, and perceived barriers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 705-711.
Super, D. E. (1957). The psychology of careers (Vol. 1). New York: Harper & Row.
Super, D. E. (1990). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, &Associates (Eds.), Career Choice and Development:Applying contemporary theories to practice (2nd ed., pp. 197-261). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Super, D. E., & Knasel, E. G. (1981). Career development in adulthood: Some theoretical problems and a possible solution. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 9(2), 194-201.
Taylor, A. (2005). It’s for the Rest of Your Life The Pragmatics of Youth Career Decision Making. Youth & Society, 36(4), 471-503.
Trochim, W. M. K. (1989). An introduction to concept mapping for planning and evaluation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 12, 1-16.
van Vianen, A. E., Klehe, U. C., Koen, J., & Dries, N. (2012). Career adapt-abilities scale Netherlands form: Psychometric properties and relationships to ability, personality, and regulatory focus. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 716-724.