본 연구는 세월호 재난으로 자녀를 사별한 부모의 애도과정을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 세월호 재난으로 자녀를 잃은 부모 17명을 대상으로 재난 2년차 시점에서 인터뷰 한 면담자료를 본 연구 목적을 위해 활용하였으며, 면담자료는 Strauss와 Corbin(1990)의 근거이론(grounded theory) 절차에 따라 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 개방코딩에서는 150개의 개념, 53개의 하위범주, 23개의 범주가 도출되었다. 축코딩 결과, 인과적 조건은 “갑자기 들이닥친 재앙”, “믿을 수 없는 자녀의 죽음”의 2개 범주, 맥락적 조건은 “안산지역 주민들의 반응”, “언론의 지지와 도움을 받지 못함” 등 10개 범주가 도출되었고, 현상은 “감당할 수 없는 슬픔과 분노에 압도된 생활”의 1개 범주, 중재적 조건으로는 “사회적 애도” 등 3개 범주, 작용/상호작용전략은 “자녀 그림자 지키기” 등 3개 범주, 결과는 “추억으로 견뎌가는 삶” 등 4개 범주로 나타났다. 과정분석 결과, 세월호 재난으로 자녀를 잃은 부모의 애도단계는 충격/부인, 슬픔/분노, 우울/무기력/답답함, 고립/연대감, 복합애도정서의 지속/소명감의 5단계로 도출되었다. 최종적으로 세월호 재난으로 자녀를 잃은 부모의 애도 과정 및 특징에 관한 애도단계의 다층구조를 제시하였으며, 지원 방안을 중심으로 논의 하였다.
The aim of this study was to explore the grieving process of Sewol Ferry disaster victims' families using Strauss and Cobin's grounded theory. For this purpose, we analyzed 17 in-depth interviews of bereaved families which had been conducted at two years after the sewol ferry disaster. In open coding, 150 concepts, 53 subcategories, and 23 categories emerged from the data. In axial coding, the causal conditions had 2 categories (eg., sudden disaster, unbelievable death of a child). The contextual conditions had 10 categories (eg., reaction of local residents, lack of support from mass media). The central phenomenon had 1 category (eg., life overwhelmed by unbearable sadness and anger). The intervening conditions had 3 categories (eg., social grieving). Strategies had 3 categories (eg., remembering the shadow of their child). Consequences had 4 categories (eg., enduring with memories of their child). In process analysis, the grieving stages of Sewol Ferry disaster victims' families were 5 stages (shock/denial, sadness/anger, depression/helplessness/frustration, isolation/communality, maintaining complicated grief/a sense of calling). A multi-layered structure of the grieving processes of bereaved parents and plans for support are presented.
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