김문영, 정현희 (2003). 인지-행동적 집단상담이 노인의 우울과 고독감, 역기능적 태도에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 15(3), 477-490.

김진영, 최승미, 서국희, 조성진, 김장규, 조맹제 (2000). 한국인 우울증상표현의 횡문화적 차이-CES-D 의 요인구조분석. 정신병리학, 9(1), 78-87.

김현순, 김병석 (2007). 노인의 자살생각에 대한 경로분석. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 19(3), 801-818.

박혜옥, 육성필 (2013). 부부친밀감에 따른 배우자 사별노인의 사별스트레스가 우울 및 자살생각에 미치는 영향: 중재-매개모형. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 25(4), 933-951.

보건복지부 (2014). 2014년도 노인실태조사. http://www.korea.kr/archive/expDocView.do?docId=36342에서 2017.08.14 자료 얻음.

오선영 (2008). 노인의 생활만족도에 관련된 노인의 가족기능과 외로움. 노인복지연구, 42(단일호), 267-290.

한국노동연구원 (2007). ｢2006년 고령화연구패널조사 사용자 안내서｣. https://survey.keis.or.kr/klosa/klosaguide/List.jsp에서 2018.12.05. 자료 얻음.

Afzali, M. H., Sunderland, M., Teesson, M., Carragher, N., Mills, K., & Slade, T. (2017). A network approach to the comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: The role of overlapping symptoms. Journal of Affective Disorders, 208, 490-496.

Alexopoulos, G. S., & Arean, P. (2014). A model for streamlining psychotherapy in the RDoC era: the example of ‘Engage’. Molecular Psychiatry, 19(1), 14-19.

Alexopoulos, G. S., Kiosses, D. N., Klimstra, S., Kalayam, B., & Bruce, M. L. (2002). Clinical presentation of the “depression-executive dysfunction syndrome” of late life. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(1), 98-106.

Alexopoulos, G. S., Meyers, B. S., Young, R. C., Campbell, S., Silbersweig, D., & Charlson, M. (1997). ‘Vascular depression’ hypothesis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54(10), 915-922.

Armour, C., Fried, E. I., Deserno, M. K., Tsai, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2017). A network analysis of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and correlates in US military veterans. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 45, 49-59.

Aziz, R., & Steffens, D. C. (2013). What are the causes of late-life depression?. Psychiatric Clinics, 36(4), 497-516.

Beard, C., Millner, A. J., Forgeard, M. J., Fried, E. I., Hsu, K. J., Treadway, M. T., ..., & Björgvinsson, T. (2016). Network analysis of depression and anxiety symptom relationships in a psychiatric sample. Psychological Medicine, 46(16), 3359-3369.

Bekhuis, E., Schoevers, R. A., van Borkulo, C. D., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Boschloo, L. (2016). The network structure of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and somatic symptomatology. Psychological Medicine, 46(14), 2989-2998.

Blazer, D. G. (2003). Depression in late life: review and commentary. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 58(3), M249-M265.

Bookwala, J., & Jacobs, J. (2004). Age, marital processes, and depressed affect. The Gerontologist, 44(3), 328-338.

Borsboom, D., & Cramer, A. O. (2013). Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 91-121.

Bringmann, L. F., Lemmens, L. H. J. M., Huibers, M. J. H., Borsboom, D., & Tuerlinckx, F. (2015). Revealing the dynamic network structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II. Psychological Medicine, 45(4), 747-757.

Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999). Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity. American psychologist, 54(3), 165-181.

Chachamovich, E., Fleck, M., Laidlaw, K., & Power, M. (2008). Impact of major depression and subsyndromal symptoms on quality of life and attitudes toward aging in an international sample of older adults. The Gerontologist, 48(5), 593-602.

Chan, S. W., Chiu, H. F., Chien, W. T., Thompson, D. R., & Lam, L. (2006). Quality of life in Chinese elderly people with depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21(4), 312-318.

Chang, Y. C., Ouyang, W. C., Lu, M. C., Wang, J. D., & Hu, S. C. (2016). Levels of depressive symptoms may modify the relationship between the WHOQOL-BREF and its determining factors in community-dwelling older adults. International Psychogeriatrics, 28(4), 591-601

Chiang, K. J., Chu, H., Chang, H. J., Chung, M. H., Chen, C. H., Chiou, H. Y., & Chou, K. R. (2009). The effects of reminiscence therapy on psychological well‐being, depression, and loneliness among the institutionalized aged. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry: A Journal of the Psychiatry of Late Life and Allied Sciences, 25(4), 380-388.

Cho, Y., & Hong, S. (2013). The new factor structure of the Korean version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (K-DERS) incorporating method factor. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46(3), 192-201.

Choi, N. G., & Ha, J. H. (2011). Relationship between spouse/partner support and depressive symptoms in older adults: gender difference. Aging & Mental Health, 15(3), 307-317.

Djernes, J. K. (2006). Prevalence and predictors of depression in populations of elderly: a review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 113(5), 372-387.

Epskamp, S., Borsboom, D., & Fried, E. I. (2018). Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: A tutorial paper. Behavior Research Methods, 50(1), 195-212.

Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O., Waldorp, L. J., Schmittmann, V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2012). qgraph: Network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(4), 1-18.

Ezquiaga, E., Garcı́a-López, A., de Dios, C., Leiva, A., Bravo, M., & Montejo, J. (2004). Clinical and psychosocial factors associated with the outcome of unipolar major depression: a one year prospective study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 79(1-3), 63-70.

Fiske, A., Wetherell, J. L., & Gatz, M. (2009). Depression in older adults. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 5(1), 363-389.

Foygel, R., & Drton, M. (2010). Extended Bayesian information criteria for Gaussian graphical models. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 23, 2020-2028.

Fried, E. I., & Cramer, A. O. (2017). Moving forward: challenges and directions for psychopathological network theory and methodology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(6), 999-1020.

Fried, E. I., Epskamp, S., Nesse, R. M., Tuerlinckx, F., & Borsboom, D. (2016). What are ‘good’ depression symptoms? Comparing the centrality of DSM and non-DSM symptoms of depression in a network analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 189, 314-320.

Fried, E. I., & Nesse, R. M. (2014). The impact of individual depressive symptoms on impairment of psychosocial functioning. PLoS One, 9(2), e90311.

Fried, E. I., & Nesse, R. M. (2015a). Depression sum-scores don’t add up: why analyzing specific depression symptoms is essential. BMC Medicine, 13(72), 1-11.

Fried, E. I., & Nesse, R. M. (2015b). Depression is not a consistent syndrome: an investigation of unique symptom patterns in the STAR* D study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 172, 96-102.

Fruchterman, T. M., & Reingold, E. M. (1991). Graph drawing by force‐directed placement. Software: Practice and Experience, 21(11), 1129-1164.

Gallo, J. J., & Rabins, P. V. (1999). Depression without sadness: alternative presentations of depression in late life. American Family Physician, 60(3), 820-826.

Gallo, J. J., Rabins, P. V., Lyketsos, C. G., Tien, A. Y., & Anthony, J. C. (1997). Depression without sadness: functional outcomes of nondysphoric depression in later life. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45(5), 570-578.

Golden, J., Conroy, R. M., Bruce, I., Denihan, A., Greene, E., Kirby, M., & Lawlor, B. A. (2009). Loneliness, social support networks, mood and wellbeing in community‐dwelling elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(7), 694-700.

Haigh, E. A., Bogucki, O. E., Sigmon, S. T., & Blazer, D. G. (2018). Depression among older adults: a 20-year update on five common myths and misconceptions. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(1), 107-122.

Harrison, K. E., Dombrovski, A. Y., Morse, J. Q., Houck, P., Schlernitzauer, M., Reynolds, C. F., & Szanto, K. (2010). Alone? Percieved social support and chronic interpersonal difficulties in suicidal elders. International Psychogeriatrics, 22(3), 445-454.

IsHak, W. W., Greenberg, J. M., Balayan, K., Kapitanski, N., Jeffrey, J., Fathy, H., ..., & Rapaport, M. H. (2011). Quality of life: the ultimate outcome measure of interventions in major depressive disorder. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 19(5), 229-239.

Jang, Y., Kim, G., & Chiriboga, D. (2005). Acculturation and manifestation of depressive symptoms among Korean-American older adults. Aging & Mental Health, 9(6), 500-507.

Jang, Y., Small, B. J., & Haley, W. E. (2001). Cross-cultural comparability of the Geriatric Depression Scale: comparison between older Koreans and older Americans. Aging & Mental Health, 5(1), 31-37.

Joiner, T. (2005). Why people die by suicide. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Jones, P. J. (2017). networktools: Assorted Tools for Identifying Important Nodes in Networks. R package version 1.1.0.

Jones, P. J., Ma, R., & McNally, R. J. (2018). Bridge centrality: A network approach to understanding comorbidity. osf.io/c5dkj에서 2018. 10.14. 자료 얻음.

Kaji, T., Mishima, K., Kitamura, S., Enomoto, M., Nagase, Y., Li, L., ..., & Uchiyama, M. (2010). Relationship between late‐life depression and life stressors: Large‐scale cross sectional study of a representative sample of the Japanese general population. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 64(4), 426-434.

Keller, M. C., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2007). Association of different adverse life events with distinct patterns of depressive symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(10), 1521-1529.

Kohout, F. J., Berkman, L. F., Evans, D. A., & Cornoni-Huntley, J. (1993). Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. Journal of Aging and Health, 5(2), 179-193.

Kraemer, H. C. (2007). DSM categories and dimensions in clinical and research contexts. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 16(S1), S8-S15.

Kuok, K. C. F., Li, L., Xiang, Y. T., Nogueira, B. O. L., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., ..., & Meng, L. R. (2017). Quality of life and clinical correlates in older adults living in the community and in nursing homes in Macao. Psychogeriatrics, 17(3), 194-199.

Lee, J. J., Kim, K. W., Kim, T. H., Park, J. H., Lee, S. B., Park, J. W., ..., & Steffens, D. C. (2011). Cross-cultural considerations in administering the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale. Gerontology, 57(5), 455-461.

Levinson, C. A., Zerwas, S., Calebs, B., Forbush, K., Kordy, H., Watson, H., ..., & Runfola, C. D. (2017). The core symptoms of bulimia nervosa, anxiety, and depression: A network analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 126(3), 340-354.

Liu, L. J., & Guo, Q. (2007). Loneliness and health-related quality of life for the empty nest elderly in the rural area of a mountainous county in China. Quality of Life Research, 16(8), 1275-1280.

Masi, C. M., Chen, H. Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011). A meta-analysis of interventions to reduce loneliness. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 219-266.

McNally, R. J. (2016). Can network analysis transform psychopathology?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 95-104.

Mellor, D., Stokes, M., Firth, L., Hayashi, Y., & Cummins, R. (2008). Need for belonging, relationship satisfaction, loneliness, and life satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(3), 213-218.

Mora, P. A., Beamon, T., Preuitt, L., DiBonaventura, M., Leventhal, E. A., & Leventhal, H. (2012). Heterogeneity in depression symptoms and health status among older adults. Journal of Aging and Health, 24(5), 879-896.

Mullarkey, M. C., Marchetti, I., & Beevers, C. G. (2018). Using network analysis to identify central symptoms of adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, first published on March 12, 2018 as doi:10.1080/15374416.2018.1437735

Mullarkey, M. C., Marchetti, I., Bluth, K., Carlson, C. L., & Beevers, C. G. (2018). Symptom centrality, not severity or endorsement rate, identifies adolescent depression Symptoms Most Strongly Associated with Life Satisfaction. PsyArxiv에서 2019.01.11. 자료 얻음.

Murri, M. B., Amore, M., Respino, M., & Alexopoulos, G. S. (2018). The symptom network structure of depressive symptoms in late-life: Results from a European population study. Molecular Psychiatry, first published on August 31, 2018 as doi:10.1038/s41380- 018-0232-0.

Rapaport, M. H., Clary, C., Fayyad, R., & Endicott, J. (2005). Quality-of-life impairment in depressive and anxiety disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(6), 1171-1178.

Ross, J., Murphy, D., & Armour, C. (2018). A network analysis of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder and functional impairment in UK treatment-seeking veterans. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 57, 7-15.

Ryu, H. S., Chang, S. O., Song, J. A., & Oh, Y. (2013). Effect of domain-specific life satisfaction on depressive symptoms in late adulthood and old age: results of a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 27(2), 101-107.

Saarijärvi, S., Salminen, J. K., Toikka, T., & Raitasalo, R. (2002). Health-related quality of life among patients with major depression. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 56(4), 261-264.

Saracino, R. M., Rosenfeld, B., & Nelson, C. J. (2016). Towards a new conceptualization of depression in older adult cancer patients: a review of the literature. Aging & Mental health, 20(12), 1230-1242.

Schmittmann, V. D., Cramer, A. O., Waldorp, L. J., Epskamp, S., Kievit, R. A., & Borsboom, D. (2013). Deconstructing the construct: A network perspective on psychological phenomena. New Ideas in Psychology, 31(1), 43-53.

Schuch, J. J., Roest, A. M., Nolen, W. A., Penninx, B. W., & De Jonge, P. (2014). Gender differences in major depressive disorder: results from the Netherlands study of depression and anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 156, 156-163.

Sinnige, J., Braspenning, J., Schellevis, F., Stirbu-Wagner, I., Westert, G., & Korevaar, J. (2013). The prevalence of disease clusters in older adults with multiple chronic diseases-a systematic literature review. PloS one, 8(11), e79641.

Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A. S. (2015). Depression and quality of life in older persons: a review. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 40(5-6), 311-339.

Steffens, D. C. (2009). A multiplicity of approaches to characterize geriatric depression and its outcomes. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22(6), 522-526.

van Borkulo, C., Boschloo, L., Borsboom, D., Penninx, B. W., Waldorp, L. J., & Schoevers, R. A. (2015). Association of symptom network structure with the course of depression. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(12), 1219-1226.

Van den Berg, M. D., Oldehinkel, A. J., Bouhuys, A. L., Brilman, E. I., Beekman, A. T., & Ormel, J. (2001). Depression in later life: three etiologically different subgroups. Journal of Affective Disorders, 65(1), 19-26.

Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Joiner Jr, T. E. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological Review, 117(2), 575-600.

Webb, E., Blane, D., McMunn, A., & Netuveli, G. (2011). Proximal predictors of change in quality of life at older ages. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 65(6), 542- 547.

Whisman, M. A. (2007). Marital distress and DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in a population-based national survey. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116(3), 638-643.

Whisman, M. A., Uebelacker, L. A., Tolejko, N., Chatav, Y., & McKelvie, M. (2006). Marital discord and well-being in older adults: Is the association confounded by personality?. Psychology and Aging, 21(3), 626-631.

Wikman, A., Wardle, J., & Steptoe, A. (2011). Quality of life and affective well-being in middle-aged and older people with chronic medical illnesses: a cross-sectional population based study. PLoS One, 6(4), e18952.

Wood, A. M., Taylor, P. J., & Joseph, S. (2010). Does the CES-D measure a continuum from depression to happiness? Comparing substantive and artifactual models. Psychiatry Research, 177(1-2), 120-123.

Woods, C. M. (2006). Careless responding to reverse-worded items: Implications for confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 28(3), 186-191.

Yu, S. C., Lin, Y. H., & Hsu, W. H. (2013). Applying structural equation modeling to report psychometric properties of Chinese version 10-item CES-D depression scale. Quality & Quantity, 47(3), 1511-1518.

Zivin, K., Wharton, T., & Rostant, O. (2014). The economic, public health, and caregiver burden of late-life depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 36(4), 631-649.