본 연구는 상담 및 심리치료 분야에서 컴퓨터와 정보통신 기술을 활용해왔던 기존의 시도들을 살펴보고, 여섯 가지 최근 국외사례를 중심으로 인공지능 기술을 활용한 상담의 현황을 소개하면서, 앞으로의 발전 가능성을 기술적 이슈와 전망을 통해 살펴보았다. 기존의 웹이나 모바일 기반 온라인 심리치료들이 정보통신(IT) 기술의 발전을 바탕으로 서비스를 제공하여 접근성과 효율성을 높임으로써 치료적 개입의 효과를 높이는데 초점이 있었다면, 최근에는 챗봇이나 대화형 에이전트와 같이 내담자와 치료적 상호작용을 할 수 있는 형태로 발전하면서 그 효과를 검증하는 연구들이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 최근 국외에서 개발된 인공지능 기반 심리치료의 대표적인 사례들(웹기반 심리치료 MOST, 모바일 기반 TESS, 대화형 에이전트 WOEBOT, 대화형 인공지능 내담자 CLIENTBOT, 가상현실 기반 임상적 면담자 ELLIE)을 통해 인공지능 상담의 현재를 살펴보았다. 끝으로 인공지능 상담의 미래 전망과 관련된 기술적 이슈로 자연어 처리, 대화형 에이전트가 공감적인 표현을 할 수 있게 하는 메커니즘, 그리고 자기학습과정을 통해 인간의 도움 없이도 지속적인 발전을 시도하는 인공지능의 개발 등을 살펴보고, 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점을 언급하였다.
This study examined existing attempts to utilize Information Technology (IT) in the field of counseling and psychotherapy, and current trends in recent overseas cases of the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the field. While traditional online psychotherapies have focused on increasing accessibility and efficiency using IT technologies, recent studies have focused on the utilization of therapeutic interactions using chatbot and interactive agent, which can interact with clients independently, and the validation of the effects of such interventions. Accordingly, the current status of AI-based counseling and psychotherapy was reviewed through representative cases developed overseas. Technical issues related to the future prospects of AI counseling were reviewed, including natural language processing, mechanisms that enable interactive agents to express empathy, and the development of artificial intelligence that continues to develop without human assistance through self-learning processes. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study are presented.
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