ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구에서는 자기결정 이론(Deci & Ryan, 2000)에 바탕을 두고, 커플 관계에서 주된 심리적 욕구를 측정하는 커플 기본 심리적 욕구 중요성 척도(Basic Psychological Needs Importance Scale for Couples; BPNIS-Couple)를 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 엣세이를 통한 질적 자료의 수집과 관련 척도를 참고하여 자기결정 이론의 세 가지 기본 심리적 욕구인 자율성, 유능성, 관계성을 반영하는 최초의 39개의 문항을 수집하였다. 전문가들의 평정을 통하여 24개의 예비 문항이 선발되었고, 탐색적 요인분석과 문항분석을 통하여 최종 21문항을 추출하였다. 연구 2에서는 확증적 요인분석을 통해 연구 1에서 추출된 문항의 3 요인 구조를 확인하였으며, 대인관계 패턴 질문지의 하위 범주인 소망의 3요인과의 상관을 통해, 공존타당도를 알아보았다. 그 결과 자율성은 ‘독립하고 싶음’과 .58, 유능성은 ‘성취하고 싶음’과 .64, 관계성은 ‘사랑받고 싶음’과 .70로 가장 높은 상관을 보였다. 개발된 척도의 내적 합치도는 전체 척도가 .88, 하위요인인 자율성, 유능성, 관계성이 각각 .79, .86, .86이었다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 전체 척도가 .80, 하위요인인 자율성, 유능성, 관계성이 각각 .81, .61, .62였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 추후 연구를 위한 제안을 논하였다.
The purpose of the study was to develop the Basic Psychological Needs Importance Scale for Couples(BPNIS-Couple) based on Self-Determination Theory(Deci & Ryan, 2000). In study 1, 39 items were created from students' essays and the items of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale developed by La Guardia et al.(2000). We selected the 24 preliminary items from the original item pool on the basis of ratings of the researcher group. The result from the exploratory factor analysis and item analysis supported 3 factor-structure of the scale: a) autonomy, b) competence, and c) relatedness. Finally, a total of 21 items with 7 items per each factor were selected. In study 2, the 3-factor structure of the scale identified in study 1 was supported by the confirmatory factor analysis using a structural equation modeling. The coefficient alphas were .89 for the total BPNIS, .79 for the autonomy, .86 for the competence, and .86 for the relatedness. The test-retest reliability coefficients were .80 for the total BPNIS, .81 for the autonomy, .61 for the competence, and .62 for the relatedness. For the concurrent validity of the scale, we examined the correlation between 3 factors of the scale and 3 factors of the Wish subscale of the Interpersonal Relationship Pattern Questionnaire. The result showed statistically significant correlations between autonomy and “to be independent”(.58), competence and “self-confident”(.64), and relatedness and “to be loved”(.70). The implications and limitations of the study and the suggestions for the future studies were discussed.
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