ISSN : 1229-0688
Vol.18 No.1
Abstract
This study investigated the factors that could help involuntary clients continue their participation in counseling. A total of 18 involuntary adolescent clients (8 males and 10 females), who participated in more than five sessions of counseling, were selected for this study. Results from the Consensual Qualitative Research analyses were as follows: First, the majority of the participants were introduced to counseling by their parents, who also took active roles in the counseling process. Second, counselors' role was vital towardkeeping the participants in therapy. Third, the participants' own internal expectations and their care-givers' involvement in counseling helped the participantsovercome their initial resistance. Fourth, as helpful factors in their counseling, the majority of the participants listed counselors' advice, suggestions, careful listening, and empathy. Finally, the participants reported their positive experiences in counseling to include increased awareness of the sources of their problems, better understanding of their parents, and positive behavioral changes. Results provide practical implications for counselors toward improving involuntary adolescent clients' participation in counseling.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to empirically examine interpersonal patterns related to the self-critical and the dependent depression. Eight clients were classified as self-critical depressives and seven as dependent depressives among 65 clients. Their counseling protocols were transcribed and analyzed using the Core Conflictual Relational Theme(CCRT) method. The results demonstrated that clients with self-critical depression were shown to have wishes related to self-definition, such as wishes to achieve, to maintain autonomy, and to be approved by significant others as well as wishes related to relationship. However, clients with dependent depression were shown to have only wishes related to relationship. When others had not approved their autonomy and ability, clients with self-critical depression felt angry and showed hostility to others. On the contrary, clients with dependent depression showing dominant wishes related to relationship felt helpless and anxious when others had rejected them.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the clients' factors causing the burnout of child counselors. Research participants were 191 counselors who are doing counseling with children under 18 years of age and with their parents. We interviewed 30 child counselors preliminarily to explore the client's variables causing the counselor's burnout through a preliminary survey. We investigated how the clients' variables, both child client variables and their parents variables, influence on the counselor's burnout. The collected data were analyzed by frequency, Cronbach' a coefficient, quantification methods I. We found that significant child variables contributing to counselor's burnout were the level of severity of child's problem, age of child, and counseling relationship. Significant variables of their parents causing counselor's burnout were the number of counseling cases with parents, age of parents, education level of parents, level of parents' satisfaction of counseling, and counseling relationship.
Abstract
This study assessed the effectiveness of a social problem-solving training program for adolescents. Sixty six delinquent adolescents and 139non-delinquent adolescents were divided into two groups. Each participant in the experimental group attended a problem-solving training program once a week for 12-16 weeks. Social-problem solving attitudes (measured by the Social Problem Solving Inventory; SPSI), abilities (Means-Ends Problem Solving; MEPS), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (State Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI) and self esteem (Self Esteem Scale SES) were assessed with each participant at both the beginning and end of the training program. Results revealed a significant improvement in two social problem-solving attitudes measured by the SPSI, all social problem-solving abilities assessed by the MEPS, scores on the SES and BDI for both delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. In sum, it is suggested that a social problem-solving training program can be a useful intervention toward preventing and correcting adolescents' delinquent behaviors.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based program on a web-site for reducing aggression and increasing problem solving skills. The main purpose of this study was to develop an interactive web-based 'Think World' program to reduce aggression and increase problem solving skills. The basic theoretical approach was that of cognitive-behavior approach. Based on an already developed Cognitive-behavior therapy(CBT) program(Oh, 1998), this program was developed and modified appropriately for the web. Four Fifth grade children participated in this study. The data of this study were collected using questionnaires. The results of this study are as follows: First, In order to test the feasibility of this program, a pilot study was conducted on four fifth grade students. This program used many components such as audio, graphics, animations, and video, which helped increase motivation to use and complete the program. It was found that an interactive web-based program was possible to achieve a similar affects as that of an off-line program. Second, after applying the program to the children, the result showed decreasing patterns of aggression. Especially, children showed salient decreasing patterns in the domain of aggression in which they had shown high scores in the pretest. Finally, after applying the program to the children, the result showed increasing patterns of appropriateness and numbers of ways in problem-solving.
Abstract
This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Korean-version of the Inventory of Counter-transference Behavior (K-ICB). A total of 151 counselors (24 males and 127 females; 38 experts and 112 beginning counselors) completed the research packet including the K-ICB, Covert Interpersonal Reaction Inventory (CIRI), and Counter-transference Factors Inventory (CFI). An exploratory factor analysis on the items of the K-ICB based on the counselors' ratings of their counseling sessions lent support to a three-factor structure: (a) disinterest/expulsion, (b) control/admonition, and (c) excessive support. Scrutiny of the items suggests that the first two factors tap negative counter-transference whereas the third factor reflects positive counter-transference. The internal consistency estimates for both the total scale and subscales of the K-ICB were satisfactory. The concurrent and convergent validity of the K-ICB were established by the sizable correlations between the K-ICB and other measures (CIRI and CFI)in conceptually expected ways; for example, counselors' negative perceptions and emotions toward the client were associated with negative counter-transference behaviors whereas their positive perceptions and emotions corresponded to positive counter-transference behaviors. Additionally, the K-ICB was found to discriminate the levels of expertness among counselors, providing additional support for its validity. Discussion was presented on the utility and limitations of the K-ICB.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adult attachment dimension-avoidance, anxiety - and romantic behaviors. I also investigated the characteristics of romantic behaviors. The research participants were 392 single males and females. Their age ranged from 20 to 42. Results were as follows. First, people who had little romantic experiences in the past showed higher avoidance score than those who had romantic experiences. Second, the result of multiple regression showed that care-giving and discomfort of intimacy were anticipated by avoidance; tension․constriction was anticipated by anxiety; deficit of positive expression, preoccupied behavior, and distrust were anticipated by both avoidance and anxiety. These results suggested that various romantic behaviors were well understood through attachment dimensions. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
Abstract
This study is designed to better understand the experience of divorced parents in the relationship with adolescents. We interviewed eight divorced parents and analyzed data using the CQR(Consensual Qualitative Research) developed by Hill, Thompson, Williamson(1997). The results of the CQR analysis were as follows; 1) General experiences of divorced parents were categorized into 14 domains and 40 core ideas, including 10 typical core ideas. 2) Relationship of parent-adolescents, during and after divorce, included 5 typical core ideas, such as one-way informing adolescent on parents' decision of divorce, continued active interactions between parents and adolescents after divorce, mal-adaptation, good adaptation, and negative emotional responses. 3) Financial stress and child-rearing problems were found as major difficulties in the process of divorce. Respondents indicated their need for financial assistance in addition to professional counseling services.
Abstract
This study examined the relative importance of psychosocial variables in predicting heterosexuals' reactions to homosexuals. Undergraduate and graduate students (N = 401) enrolled at six universities in four different areas participated in the study. Results indicated that heterosexual males expressed more hostile attitudes toward homosexuals when they had high levels of explicit religiosity and traditional gender role attitudes. On the contrary, for heterosexual females, their homophobic attitudes were associated with high levels of authoritarianism, implicit religiosity, traditional gender role attitudes, and a low level of explicit religiosity. Implications for counseling training and areas for future research were discussed.
Abstract
This study examined the stressors that mothers of children with a disability (MCD) typically experience upon their children's entrance into an elementary school. The results from the Consensual Qualitative Research method (N = 216 MCD) revealed several major stressors including difficulties with child-rearing, financial burdens, a lack of information and support from experts, and dissatisfaction with social support systems for children with a disability. Due to these stressors, MCD experienced physical symptoms, behavioral changes, and various emotional difficulties including anxiety, depression, decreased self-confidence in their role as a mother, and severe pressure to make important decisions for their children. MCD also reported feeling tense and isolated resulting in avoidance behavior in social relationships. Lastly, MCD reported a general anxiety and fear of the anticipated adjustment difficulties for both themselves and their children upon the children's entrance into an elementary school. The study findings that indicated the transition of children with a disability could bring acute stress totheir mothers provide useful information toward developing counseling and support programs aimed at assisting the families of children with a disability during the transition period.
Abstract
This study examined the influence having peer relationships and affectionate relationships with the mother had on children's loneliness. The participants were 491 fifth and sixth grade children in Seoul and the Kyonggi province. As part of the data analysis in this study, the following statistical procedures were used: Pearson's correlation, t-test, stepwise regression, and hierarchical regression. Results revealed that both peer relationships and affectionate relationships with the mother were inversely related to children's level of loneliness. Specifically, for boys, peers' emotional support influenced the most whereas for girls, exchanging activities among peers had the most impact. In addition, for boys, having an affectionate relationship with the mother was found to be a significant mediator between peer relationships and children's loneliness.