본 연구에서는 애착 이론과 선행연구를 바탕으로 부모애착이 분리-개별화와 성인애착을 매개로 대학생활적응과 심리적 디스트레스에 직간접적인 영향을 미치는 인과적 구조모형을 설정하고, 그 적합도와 개별 변수의 영향력을 살펴보았다. 연구를 위해 서울과 경기도에 소재한 4개 대학에 재학 중인 신입생 347명으로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 통한 자료 분석 결과 측정모형이 자료에 적합한 것으로 나타났고, 모든 변수 간 경로를 설정한 가설모형에 비해 부모애착에서 성인애착으로의 직접 경로를 포함하지 않은 경쟁모형이 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적인 경로를 살펴보면, 부모애착은 분리-개별화를 통해 성인애착(애착불안, 애착회피)에 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났고, 분리-개별화에서 성인애착을 거쳐 대학생활적응과 심리적 디스트레스로 가는 간접경로는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 분리-개별화는 부모애착이 대학생활적응과 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향을 완전매개 또는 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 성인애착불안은 대학생활적응에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고, 성인애착회피는 심리적 디스트레스에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 관련 후속연구 및 상담실제에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.
Using structural equation modeling with data from 347 college freshmen, this study examined 2 mediators (separation-individuation and adult attachment) regarding the links between parental attachment and college adjustment or psychological distress. Results indicated that a model with no direct paths from parental attachment to adult attachment produced a better fit to the data than the hypothesized fully saturated structural model. Results also revealed that the link between parental attachment and adult attachment was fully mediated through separation-individuation. However, adult attachment did not mediate the link between separation-individuation and college adjustment or psychological distress. In addition, the links between parental attachment and college adjustment or psychological distress were fully mediated or suppressed by separation-individuation. Finally, attachment anxiety was positively related to college adjustment, whereas attachment avoidance was negatively related to psychological distress. Implications of the findings for future research and counseling practice are discussed.
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