본 연구는 청소년의 자해행동을 이해하기 위하여 여중생 491명의 설문 자료에서 자해 경험이 있었던 103명의 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 자해 경험 청소년이 비(非)자해 청소년에 비해 가정 및 학교생활 만족도가 낮았으며 우울과 스트레스 수준이 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 응답자들의 자해행동은 초등학교 6학년과 중학교 1학년 시기부터 시작되었고, 자신을 때리고 몸에 난 상처를 방치하거나 날카로운 물건으로 상처를 내는 행동을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자해행동을 한 청소년의 약 1/3이 자살의도가 있었다고 보고했고, 이들은 자살의도가 없는 자해행동 청소년에 비해 자살생각, 자살시도, 자살실행 준비 수준이 모두 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 자살의도 여부에 따른 자해행동을 판별해주는 예측변수를 탐색한 결과, 가정 내 분위기가 좋지 않을수록, 자해 전 생각 기간이 길수록, 시도한 자해행동이 다양할수록, 자해행동의 ‘사회적 동기’가 높을수록, 자해행동의 ‘개인 내적 동기’가 낮을수록 자살의도가 있는 자해 청소년으로 분류될 확률이 높아졌다. 끝으로 본 연구의 의의와 한계점에 대해 논의하였다.
This study analyzed data from 491 female middle school students; 103 of which presented with or reported experiences of self-injurious behavior. Self-injurious behaviors included beating themselves, leaving wounds untreated, and self-inflicted physical harm using a sharp tool. When compared to adolescents without self-injury experiences, analysis showed that adolescents with self-injury experiences were scored lower on both family and school satisfaction, and reported higher in depression and distress. Additionally, one third of the self-injurious adolescents reported having suicidal ideations. Finally, the predictors differentiating the suicidal self-injury group from the non-suicidal self-injury group were: (a) less favorable family atmosphere, (b) later onset of self-injurious behaviors, (c) more diverse self-injurious behaviors, (d) higher social motivation for the behaviors, (e) higher depression, and (f) lower intrapersonal motivation. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
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