Marital status has been studied as one of several predictors of organizational commitment, However, it is important to examine the quality of marital status such as marital satisfaction rather than just marital status itself. The main purpose of this study was to examine whether the marital satisfaction has a significant relationship with the organizational commitment. And an additional purpose was to examine whether gender difference exists in the relationship. 234 married workers were asked to respond to the questionnaires that measured the marital satisfaction and organizational commitment, which consisted of three components: affective, continuance, and normative committment. The results of hierarchical regression analysis, when the effects of gender and tenure were partialled out, revealed that the marital satisfaction predicted the organizational commitment significantly. Of the three different components of commitments, however, only the affective commitment was significantly predicted by the marital satisfaction. In addition, it was found that there was a gender difference in the relationship between the marital satisfaction and the organizational commitment. That is, the relationship was stronger in males.
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between mother's perfectionism, a child's unconditional self-acceptance, and the child's depression. It was also aimed at investigating the role of the child's unconditional self-acceptance on the relationship between the mother's perfectionism and her child's depression. The participants were 418 children(mean age=11) in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades of elementary school and their mothers. The children reported the levels of unconditional self-acceptance, depression; mothers reported their perfectionism levels. Correlational results indicated that the mother's perfectionism is positively related to her child's depression. The unconditional self-acceptance of the child is negatively related to the child's depression. Finally, the mediating effect of a child's unconditional self-acceptance on the relationship between a mother's perfectionism and child's depression was proved. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest unconditional self-acceptance as a new therapy for a child's depression.
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of security of parental attachment and social support on school-related adjustment. In order to achieve the purpose, the following questions were raised: (1) What is the effect of security of parental attachment on school-related adjustment? (2) What is the effect of social support on school-related adjustment? (3) what is the effect of security of parental attachment and social support on school-related adjustment? To verify the study subject, surveys were distributed to 305 students in 5th and 6th grade of elementary school. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS computer program: simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as following: First, the students' security of parental attachment had positive effect on school-related adjustment. Second, the students' social support had positive effect on school-related adjustment. Third, social suupport is more important than security of parental attachment on school-related adjustment.
The purpose of this study was to develop the Romantic Relationship Behavior Scale(RRBS) and to validate the scale. The RRBS was administered to 395 single men(144) and women(251), ranged 20s from 40s. Factor analysis of the RRBS resulted in the nine factors, implying supporting, aggression, tension, trust, liking expression, clinging, intimacy rejection, and high rewardiness need(a) .high rewardiness need(b). Good coefficients of reliability for dimensions were found. To identify validity the RRBS, it was identified whether the scores of RRBS differ in romantic relationship experience level(relationship difficult group/ conflict group, stable group). Using one-way ANOVA, three groups demonstrated significant difference on scores of the RRBS's subscales. And it is identified whether the styles of attachment differ in the scores of the RRBS. As results, the stable attachment style was higher then the unstable attachment styles in supporting, trust, liking expression scores and was lower then the unstable attachment styles in aggression, tension, clinging, intimacy rejection, and high rewardiness need scores. Also, the correlations of RRBS and Dating Relation Satisfying Scale and K-IIP were appropriate level and significant. Also, it was identified that the women's scores of aggression and high rewardiness need was significantly higher than men's. The results suggested that the RRBS was effective and useful instrument to assess romantic relationship behaviors. It is discussed about advantages and limits of the RRBS
According to exchange theory and resource theory, I measured exchanged resources between mother and adolescent children. Based on the exchanged resources between them, I analyzed factors affecting the relational satisfaction. The sample was consisted with middle, high school students and college students who did not serve in military and under the age 24, and the mothers who lived with the adolescent children having the same criteria described above. Total sample cases were 600 children and 600 mothers. Relational satisfaction was affected by exchange principle rather than equity principle. Children and mothers both were satisfied if they received more from the other. Expectation of living together with aged parents had moderating effect on the satisfaction for mothers, however, not for children. Mothers who wanted to live together with their children in the old age, had received less from the children than those who did not want to live with the child had. Mothers who wanted to live with the child expected to reach the long-term equity, so that the present equity perception did not influence seriously the satisfaction. For mothers who did not want to live with the child in the old age, however, the present equity perception which was favorable for them was important to their satisfaction. Expectation of living together with the child had a moderating effect on mother's satisfaction, but not for the child's satisfaction. Children's satisfaction was more likely affected by the present exchange pattern and the present equity perception than the long-term equity.
They were reported that female patients with alcohol dependence were more difficult in recovery and had more psychological problems than male patients with alcohol dependence. But the contrast studies on male and female patients with alcohol dependence were very rare in korea. Therefore the aims of this study were exploring about psychological characteristics in male and female patients with alcohol dependence by means of the MMPI, BDI and BAI. The 13 subscales, MAC scale of alcoholism scale and 15 korean version of contents scales in MMPI were analysed. The results were that the scores of BDI and BAI were significantly different in sex, more female patients with alcohol dependence were diagnosed in Depression by the means of the psychological assessment than male. The scores of F, MF and SC in MMPI were significantly different by sex. The cluster analysis showed patients with alcohol dependence were classified the 4 types, both male and female patients were classified 4 types, but their personality types were somewhat different.
In this study, investigating the differences among subgroups by personal variables(Study1) of 1283 participants, such as dating status, the number of romantic relationship experiences, conservative-liberalistic tendency, economic status, appearance, satisfaction of appearance, importance of sex, possession of initiative in relationships, and importance of premarital virginity, we try to find out whether “the richer the men, and the prettier the women, the more romantic relationships they get.” We also try to find out which romantic relationship attitude is more important in romantic experiences, and whether there exist greater similarities in love attitudes between genders than the differences(Study2). Findings show that richer men have just little more experiences, but prettier women have not more experiences than those who are not. Appearance was a more important factor in men's romantic relationships than in women's. Among love(romantic) attitudes, the openness, which means active, open-minded to sexuality, outgoing, liberal attitude, was the most critical one in love relationships. And the gender differences in love attitudes were not significant, which supported the our hypothesis 3. The results of the current study seem to support the explanations of Social Construction Theories. But the these results do not contradict to the evolutionary psychology, which emphasizes that inclination and ways to share property is as important as having property in relationship with partners.
This study aimed at exploring attitudes of male and female undergraduates toward sex-commercialization as a function of type of sex-commercialization and gender of the sex-commercialized. Three-hundred-five undergraduates (Men: 146, Women: 159) self-reported their judgments of severity, disapproval, immorality and inevitability of sex-commercialization for each of 12 cases composed of 3(type: advertisement, nude picture, and sex sale) x 2(gender of the sex-commercialized: man and woman) x 2 (gender of undergraduates: man and woman). The results indicated that overall man undergraduates had less negative attitudes toward sex-commercialization and in particular, toward women's sex-commercialization. Further, sex sale was seen the most negative and followed by nude picture, and yet the pattern of differences among the three types was various across the gender of the sex-commercialized and the gender of undergraduates. Those results were discussed in terms of sociocultural and personal aspects.
The nonsexual assault of adult women has been noteworthy by its huge social and personal cost to the victims, their families, and ultimately society as a whole. The purposes of this paper were to review the process of wife-assault and perpetrator's characteristics. The prevalence of marital violence, as well as physical and psychological sequela found to be specifically associated with wife-assault in marriage were reviewed. The cycle of violence and three stages of domestic violence were explained. And Three-types batterers that describe aggressive husband were introduced. Finally, Psycho-behavioral Characteristics of wife-assaulter that included perpetrator' power, sex role conflict, personal experience, and ignoring husband by wife were reviewed.