ISSN : 1229-0688
Vol.13 No.2
Abstract
There are various interactional and interpersonal nature for 'the group by itself' in group counseling. It seems effective to focus on such nature rather than on intra-psychic components because of observational learning and interpersonal learning which are powerful therapeutic factors in group counseling. Korean culture belongs to vertical collectivism and develops altruism for others and the concept of rank on the ground of the value view of the society. The aim of Reality Dynamic Group Counseling is to help people depend their opinion and adjust themselves to society. To accomplish such aim, the counselor for Reality Dynamic Group Counseling makes people recognize that people are so valuable, know how to use the technique of confrontation, and take role of a wise man. The difference between Reality Dynamic Group Counseling and other several group counseling is that Reality Dynamic approach is held realistically, the solution for each problem is offered as much as possible, and persuasion can be given if necessary.
Abstract
The present research was directed at effects of the type of counselor and contents on observer's counseling outcomes. Subjects were listened to one of the hypothetical counseling designed by researcher. The major research questions was how the same content of counseling can be affected by the professionality of counselor. Two independent variables were in the present research as followed. First, the professionality of the counselors is manipulated by to know them that counselor in the recording is professional counselor or peer counselor. Second IV is the content of the counseling, and there are career counseling and counseling dealing with relationship of opposite-sex friend. The 584 adolescent observers participate in the present research. All of them are high school students, 284 are males and 300 are female. After listening to the prerecorded counseling session, they were asked to evaluate the counselors and effectiveness of the counselling on three questionnaires. The major results were as following: First of all, it suggested that the type of counselor was different to the content of the counselling. In other words, the counselling effect of professional counselor did not differ to the contents, but the effect of peer counselor was more effective on the area of career counselling than on the area of relationship with opposite-sex friend. Finally, several implications and limitations were discussed.
Abstract
This study tried to identify clients' experience of dissatisfaction in counseling and it's resolution-course with the method of qualitative analysis. In all, forty clients answered open-ended questionnaire about their dissatisfaction. After completing the questionnaire, the clients were interviewed about their answers. The thirty-one cases were rated with Consensual Qualitative Research. As the result, clients reported that they had frequently experienced dissatisfaction at the following cases; when counselor showed reaction that client did not want, when client found no concrete solution, when counselor asked for disagreeable reaction to client, when clients felt that counselor didn't concentrate on counseling, when clients felt that counselor only listened to them. These events made clients experience negative thought and affection in counseling or about counselor. The typical resolution-courses of the dissatisfaction are as follows. The initial client-counselor relationships were unsatisfactory or ordinary. But when there happened to be dissatisfactory events, counselors showed reactions to them earlier than clients. So clients expressed their experience of the dissatisfaction to their counselors, and then counselors not only empathized and accepted the experiences but also explained the unsatisfactory event. Clients came to understand them, and have positive feelings. The events were settled through understanding, and clients experienced positive changes of themselves as well as their counselors. In the case of dissolution group, initial relationships were typically almost satisfactory but clients didn't expressed their negative experiences after the dissatisfaction event, or counselors were unaware or unresponsive about it. So the experiences were not addressed during the counseling sessions, and were not settled. As the results, clients came to have negative changes.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to explore the relationship between attachment and career decision level and career identity of college students in late adolescence and to relative importance of parent and peer attachment for these career development variables. 499 college students were participated and were asked to response to self-reported questionnaires for attachment and career development. Results are as follows : First, the higher secure parent and peer attachment were, the more students explored and believed him/herself and, based on this, the higher effectively possibility of decision in career choice were. Second, the predictive power of parent and peer attachment for career development differed by gender and grade : For the group of low grades and female, peer attachment was a significant predictive variable while for the group of high grades, no matter what their gender, only parent attachment was a predictive variable for career development. Third, to achieve a successful career development, it was found that both of parent and peer attachment were important : The group in which students had high score for both parent and peer attachment had more possibility to achieve a positive career development than the group in which students had low score for both parent and peer attachment. Especially, for the group of high grades or male, this characteristics revealed to be dominated than in group of low grades or female. Finally, the suggestion and limitation of present study were discussed.
Abstract
This study explored (a) the similarities and the differences of adult attachments in romantic relationships and friendships, and (b) the impact of parental attachment and psychological separation from parents on romantic attachment and friend attachment. Survey data were collected from college students in late adolescence. For both men and women, the patterns of friend attachment in dependence, anxiety, and closeness dimensions were similar to those of romantic attachment. However, the scores of dependence and closeness dimensions of romantic attachment were higher than those of friend attachment. Compared with other styles, men who were avoidant styles showed lower scores in the closeness dimension of friend attachment. However, their closeness score of romantic attachment was not lower than other groups. Parental attachment and separation from parents predicted adult attachment. For men, maternal attachment was correlated only with the anxiety dimension of adult attachment. The romantic attachment and the friend attachment were correlated with paternal attachment when maternal attachment was controlled. In addition, the emotional and conflictual independence from father and the conflictual independence from mother strongly predicted the adult attachment of men when parental attachment was controlled. For women, maternal attachment was correlated with the adult attachment, whereas the paternal attachment was not the predictor. Among the independence subscales, only the emotional separation influenced on the anxiety dimension of friend attachment of women.
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between social phobia and perfectionism. The Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Frost, Marten, Lahart and Rosenblate's(l990) Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(MPS-6) and Hewitt and Flett's(1988) Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale(MPS-3) were administered to 575 college students. The MPS-6 comprising characteristic dimension was more highly correlated with depression as well social phobia than the MPS-3 comprising directional dimension. The results of regression analysis showed that social phobia was explained mainly by Socially Prescribed Perfectionism and Concern Over Mistakes. When high socially anxious group was compared with low socially anxious group, high socially anxious group showed significantly higher level of the Socially Prescribed Perfectionism, Concern Over Mistakes, Parental Criticism, Doubts About Actions than low socially anxious group. These results implied that social phobia was associated with dimension of appraisal rather than dimension of standard setting and the Appraisal of Parents had etiological effects on social phobia.
Abstract
This study is to understand the experiences in meditation which has been studied as a sort of counseling technique. A qualitative methodology was adopted to analyze the experiences in insight meditation. For the data collection, eight insight meditators were interviewed about the experiences in insight meditation. In terms of CQR(Consensual Qualitative Research) method, data were categorized through the discussion and consensual process among judges. Results indicated that the experiences in insight meditation divided into four domains, that is, the experiences related to the characteristics of and the objects of awareness, the life areas positively influenced by meditation and the experiences causing them. Forty five categories were constructed across four domains. These categories were the clearness of awareness, the consciousness of latent emotion, the insight of connection between body and mind and the sensitivity about bodily sensations etc. Among the categories, 'awareness', 'characteristics and emotions', 'bodily sensations' and 'transcendental experiences' appeared in cases above 7 in total 8 cases. Finally, narrative accounts of a case were selected to look into the relations and changing processes among each domain and category. The internal experiences in meditation were discussed in relation to the experiences in counseling process.
Abstract
This study is designed to develop a group counseling program combining the Gestalt body awareness intervention with the body movements and breathing of Oriental yoga, both of which are emphasizing the inseparable wholeness of body and mind, and to provide a Gestalt group counseling model through experimenting the effects of the program. To achieve the given goals, this study attempts to confirm whether or not there are any differences of the effects of two group counseling programs--a body-centered Gestalt group counseling focused on the body awareness and body-related intervention, and a relation-centered Gestalt group counseling program which focuses on verbal intervention to become aware of the relation patterns--on Experiencing Scale, the Gestalt Contact Boundary Styles, SEQ(Session Evaluation Questionnaire), and MMPI. Each group had a total 28 hours of group counseling(l4 times of 2 hour session), and the sessions were proceeded in the form of marathon group method. In order to examine the changing patterns of group processes, the Experiencing Scales could be analyzed with the records of the whole sessions which had been written in detail, and the Gestalt Contact Boundary Styles and SEQ on each stage of the group counseling: the initial stage(4th session), the mid-stage(10th session), and the final stage(14th session). In sum of the findings of this study, the body-centered group show more significant and positive improvement than the relation-centered group in the experiencing level, contact boundary disturbance, session evaluation, and Pd scale of MMPI. It is meaningful that the results attained by this study confirm the significant possibility of the Gestalt approach which connect the body and mind relative to the traditional counseling approach of verbal intervention.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was designed to find out the possibility that the cyber group counseling can serve as the face-to-face group counseling. The subjects of this study were 15 technical high school students. They were devided into two groups: one is experimental group(cyber meeting group) the other is comparative group(direct meeting group). Each of them were investigated if the career maturity, self-concept, group cohesive power and session efficiency in the groups increased. Both subjects who received the program reported significantly higher changes in career maturity and also significantly higher changes in self-concept. It means that this program is useful to improve career maturity and self-concept. Both subjects who received the program reported significantly higher changes in group cohesive power and session efficiency. Especially according to the content of session, session efficiency is higher. It means that this program is useful to improve career maturity and self-concept. This result of the present study supported the effectiveness of a cyber career group counselling program. And the technical knowledge about computer and the profitable cyber counseling programs are requisite for development of cyber group counseling.
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of life skill training program on drug knowledge and attitude, problem solving, assertiveness and self-esteem in drug abusing delinquent adolescents' group compared to the control group. This study also examined the comparative difference of dependent variables between life skill training program and information dissimilation and affective approach programs. Forty probation adolescents were selected in B and C area who got high score in High Risk Group Adolescent Drug User Screening Test and Korea Adolescent Drug Addiction Screening Test. They were randomly assigned to life skill training group, information dissimilation group, affective approach group, and waiting list control group by each ten members. Members of control group didn't experience group counseling. On the other hand, Members of three other groups participated in ten-session group counseling three times a week. Drug knowledge and attitude scale, problem solving scale, assertiveness test and self-esteem test were used as Pre and Post-Tests. The data were analyzed by covariance(ANCOVA) and post private comparison to testify the treatment effect within each group condition. The result are as follows: First, compared to the control group, drug knowledge and attitude in information dissimilation group and life skill training group were improved significantly. However, there was no difference between affective approach group and the control group. Second, compared to the control group, life skill training group suggested the significant improvement in solving problem, while the difference between information dissimilation and affective approach groups and the control group was not found. Third, compared to the control group, assertiveness in life skill training group was increased significantly. However, there was no difference between information dissimilation and affective approach groups and the control group. Forth, compared to the control group, self-esteem in life skill training and affective approach group were increased significantly. However, mere was no difference between information dissimilation group and the control group. Explanation and implication of the results are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the difference of the risk factors and the protective factors as to the level of delinquency. Data were collected form 2,469 middle and high school students and from 1,894 delinquent youths from correction schools and youth jails. According the experience of delinquent behaviors, students were classified into two groups: students with delinquent behaviors and students without delinquent behaviors. Risk factors and protective factors were measured on the individual, family, school and community levels. Survey questionnaire was developed by the present researchers and the reliability of the questionnaire was reported, Results indicated, as expected, delinquent youths were shown to have more risk factors and less protective factors compared to non-delinquent youths. Students with delinquent behaviors were found to show the highest level of depression and anxiety and the lowest level of positive self-identity. Also, they reported the highest level of inconsistency of the parenting style. Implications for future study and counseling for delinquenct youths were suggested.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of sub-group of internet addict. The characteristics focused on this study were self-esteem, aggression, loneliness, depression. First, internet addictive group was selected by the scale of internet addictive use. The internet addictive group were divided into personal relation addictive group and non-personal addictive group by their main applications of internet. In order to identify the differences of characteristics between personal relation addictive group and non-personal relation addictive group, the difference of self-esteem, aggression, loneliness, depression between those groups were investigated. The result from the analysis showed that personal relation addictive group feels more loneliness than non-personal relation addictive group does. These findings showed that when internet addicts were treated, specially, the loneliness of personal relation addictive group must be concerned with.
Abstract
In this article the factor structure of the Korean version of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory(NPI) was examined. A sample of university undergraduates (N=1,200) was used for this purpose of the study. Using factor analysis, I analyzed the tetrachoric correlations among the NPI item responses and found evidence for a general construct of narcissism as well as four first-order factors: Leadership/Self-Confidence, Need for Power/Entitlement, Need for Admiration/Exhibitionism, and Superiority. Controlling for the other three subscales caused the Need for Power/Entitlement subscale to correlate more positively with neuroticism and negatively with self-esteem.