ISSN : 1229-0696
The purpose of this study is to test the effect of achievement goal orientations and safety climate on safe and unsafe behaviors. Safe behaviors were measured by observances and automatic safe behaviors, and unsafe behaviors by violations and mistakes. Three fifty employees from corporations were participated in this research. Both mastery approach goal and performance approach goal orientations have significant positive relations with the safe behaviors and negative relations with the unsafe behaviors, but both mastery avoidance goal and performance avoidance goal orientations have significant negative relations with the safe behaviors and positive relations with the unsafe behaviors. This results suggest to confirm the multiple goal perspective of the achievement goal orientation argued both mastery goal and performance goal orientations have relations with adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. Safety climates measured by five factors, management values, safety practice, safety training, safety communication, and supervisor leadership, were significant positive relations with safe behaviors and negative relations with unsafe behaviors. Specially safety climates have significantly stronger correlations with unintentional behaviors(automatic safe behavior and mistake) than intentional behaviors(observance and violation). The relative contributions of individual variables and organizational variables to safe and unsafe behaviors were discussed.
김기식, 박영석 (2002). 안전분위기가 안전 행동 및 사고에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 15(1), 19-39.
김기연, 박영석 (2009). 조직 장면에서 성취목표 지향성의 규범성과 다중성. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 22(4), 541-565.
문고리 (2009). 안전행동의 차원에 관한 연구. 가톨릭대학교 대학원 석사학위 논문.
박선진, 이순철, 김종희, 김인석 (2006). 오류와착오가 고령운전자의 운전 행동에 미치는영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 12(1), 55-79.
박선진, 이순철, 엄진섭 (2007). 운전일탈행동과 정상운전행동이 가해사고에 미치는 영향: 경로모형 분석. 한국심리학회지: 산업및 조직, 20(1), 21-41.
박영석 (2009). 안전의식 기본검사 프로그램 개발. 산업안전보건공단. 미간행
박영석, 김기연 (2007). 업무수행 피드백의 수용에서 성취 목표 지향성의 효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 20(4), 511-528.
박영신, 박동현, 김의철 (1998). 산업재해 감소를 위한 효율적인 안전교육의 방향 탐색. 한국평생교육학회, 4(1), 277-307.
박영호 (1989). 인적요인에 의한 산업재해 분석. 중앙대학교 대학원 박사학위 논문.
성미송, 박영석 (2005). 조직 장면에서 2x2 성취목표 모형의 타당화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 18(1), 97-117.
이원영 (2004). 고용불안, 조직몰입 및 안전분위기가 안전행동 및 사고에 미치는 영향: 철도청 사고 예측 모형. 고려대학교 대학원박사학위 논문.
이원영 (2006). 안전행동 및 사고에 대한 성실성, 인지실패 및 직무스트레스의 상호작용. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 19(3), 475-497.
이차연, 박영석 (2006). 성취목표 지향성이 업무수행 피드백에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 19(1), 25-38.
정재우 (2000). 안전수행 예측에서 성격특성의역할: 철도사고사례. 한국 심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 13(1), 41-60.
Ames, C. (1992). Achievement goals, motivational climate, and motivational processes. In G. Robert(Ed.), Motivation in sports and exercise, Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books.
Attenweiler W. J., & Moore, D. (2006). Goal orientations: two, three or more factors? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66, 342-352.
Barron, K. E., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2001). Achievement goals and optimal motivation:Testing multiple goal models. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 203-210.
Bentler, P. M. (1990), “Comparative Fit Indexes in Structural Models,” Psychological Bulletin, 107(2), 238-46
Bird, F. (1974). Management guide to loss control. Atlanta, GA; Institute Press.
Browne, W., and Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen and J. S. Long(Eds.), Testing structural equation models, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA
Brown, R. L. & Holmes, H. (1986). The use of a factor-analytic procedure for assessing the validity of an employee safety climate model. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18(6), 455-470
Christian. M. S., Brandley. J. C., Wallace, J. C., & Burke. M. J. (2009). Workplace Safety: A meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factor. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1103-1127
Clarke, S. (2006). The relationship between safety climate and safety performance: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11, 315-327.
Craske, S. (1968). A Study of the relation between personality and accident history. British Journal of Australia, 2, 905-909.
Cummings, T, G., & Cooper, C. L (1979). A cybernetic theory of occupational stress, Human Relations, 32, 395-418.
Day, E. A., Radosevich, D. J., & Chasteen, C, S. (2003). Constuct- and criterion- related validity of four commonly used goal orientation instruments. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 28, 434-464.
Dedobbeleer, N. & Beland, F. (1991). A safety climate measure for construction cites. Journal of Safety Research, 22(2), 97-103.
Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41, 1040-1048.
Dweck, C. S., & Bempechat, J. (1983). Children's theories of intelligence: Consequences for learning. In S. Paris, G. Olsen, & H. Stevenson(Eds.), Learning and motivation in the classroom(pp.239-256). Hillsdale, NJ: Eribaum.
Dweck, C. S., & Eliot, E. (1983). Achievement motivation. In E. Heatherington(Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, (Vol. 4, pp.643-691). New York: Wiley.
Dwyer, T., & Raftery, A. E. (1991). Industrial accidents are proceduced by social relations of work: A sociological theory of industrial accidents. Applied Ergonomics, 22, 167-178.
Elliot, A. J., & McGregor. H. A. (2001). A 2x2achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 501-519.
Eliot, A. J., & McGregor, H. A., & Gable, S. (1999). Achievement goals, study strategies, and exam performance: A mediational analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 549-563.
Embrey, D. E. (1992). Incorporating management and organizational factors into probabilistic safety assessment. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 38, 199-208.
Erickson, J. A. (1997). The relationship between corporate culture and safety performance. Professional Safety, 42, 29-33.
Frone, M. R. (1998). Predictors of work injuries among employed adolescents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 565-576.
Greenberg, J., & Baron, R. A. (1993). Behavior in organizations 4th ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. (A Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc.)
Griffin, M. A. & Neal, A. (2000). Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3), 347-358.
Guastello, S. J., & Guastello D. D. (1988). The occupational hazards surbey: Second Edition manual and case Report. Milwaukee, WI:Guastello & Guastello
Hawkin, W. C. (1982). Pilot error, Human error. USA Aviation Digest, 28, 40-43.
Heinrich, W. W. (1931). Industrial accident prevention, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Hofmann, D. A., Jacobs, R. R. & Landy, F. J. (1995). High reliability process industries:Individual, micro, and macro organizational influences on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, 26, 131-149.
Hofmann, D. A. & Morgeson, F. P. (1999). Safety-related behavior as a social exchange:The role of perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 286-296.
Hofmann, D. A. & Stetzer, A. (1996). A cross-level investigation of factors influencing unsafe behavior and accidents. Personnel Psychology, 49(2), 307-339.
Hofmann, D. A. & Stetzer, A. (1998). The role of safety climate and communication in accident interpretation: Implications for learning from negative events. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 644-657.
Hoover, P, B., Steele-Johnson, D., Beauregard, R. S., & Schimidt, A. M. (1999). Learning and performance goal orientation interactions with Dynamics task complexity. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Altanta, GA.
Hurst, N. W., Bellamy, L. J., Geyer, T. A. W., & Astley, J. A. (1991). A classification scheme for pipework failures to include human and sociotechnical errors and their contribution to pipework failure frequencies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 26, 159-186.
Iverson, R. D., & Erwin, P. J. (1997). Predicting occupational injury: The role of affectivity. Journal of Occupational and Organizationl Psychology, 70, 113-128.
Kletz, T. A. (1985). An engineer's view of human error. Warwickshire, England: The Institution of Chemical Engineers.
Larson, G. E., Alderton, D. L., Neideffer, M., & Underhill, E. (1997). Further evidence on dimensionality and correlates of the cognitive failures questionnaire. British Journal of Psychology, 88, 29-38.
Lee, T., & Harrison, K. (2000). Assessing safety culture in nuclear power stations. Safety Science, 34, 61-97.
Maehr, M. L. (1989). Thoughts about motivation. In C. Ames & R. Ames(Eds.), Research on motivation in education: Goals and cognitions(Vol. 3, pp.299-315). New York: Academic Press.
McCleeland, D. C. (1951). Personality. New York:Dryden Press.
Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2004). Safety climate and safety at work. In J. Barling & M. R. Frone(Eds.), The Psychology of workplace safety. American psychological association, Washington, DC.
Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2006). A study of the lagged relationships among safety climate, safety motivation, safety behavior, and accidents at the individual and group levels. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 946-953.
Nicholls, J. G. (1979). Quality and equality in intellectual development. American Psychologist, 34, 1071-1084.
Nicholls, J. G. (1984). Achievement motivation:Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. Psychological Review, 91, 328-346.
Nien, C. L., & Duda, J. L. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of approach and avoidance achievement goals: A test of gender invariance. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9, 352, 372.
Parker, D., Reason, J, T., Manstead A. S. R., & Stradling, S. G. (1995). Driving errors, driving violation and accident involvement. Ergonomics, 38(5), 1036-1048.
Perrow, C. (1984). Normal accidents: living with high risk technologies, New York; Basic Books.
Probst, T. M., & Brubaker, T. L. (2001). The effects of job insecurity on employee safety outcomes: Cross sectional and longitudinal explorations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6, 139-159.
Rasmussen, J. (1990). The role of error in organizing behavior, Ergonomics, 33.
Reason, J. T. (1988). Stress and cognitive failure. In S. Fisher & J. Reason (Eds.), Handbook of life stress, cognition, and health(pp.405-21). New York: Wiley.
Reason, J. T. (1990). Human error. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Reason, J., Manstead, A., Stradling, S., Baxter, J., Campbell, K. (1990). Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction? Ergonomics, 33, 1315-1332.
Schein, E. H. (1985). Organizational Culture and Leadership. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Schneider, B. (1990). The climate for service: An application of the climate construct.(In B. Schneider (Ed.), Organizational climate and culture, 383-412. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.)
Spielberger, C. D. (1972). Anxiety and Emotional State: In Anxiety; Current Trend in Theory and Research. New York: Academic Press.
Tucker, L, R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelyhood factor analysis. Psychometrika. 38, 1-10.
Wagenaar W. & Groeneweg J. (1987). Accidents at sea: multiple causes and impossible consequence. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 27, 587-598.
Wallace, J. C., & Vodanovich, S. J. (2003). Workplace Safety Performance: Conscientiousness, Cognitive Failure, and Their Interaction. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 8(4), 316-327.
Wiegmann, D. & Shappell, S. (2003). A human error approach to aviation accident analysis:The human factors analysis and classification system. Ashgate.
Wuebker, L. J., Jones, J. W., & DuBois, D. (1985). Safety Locus of control as a Predictor of Industrial Accidents. Technical Report: The St. Paul companies, St. Paul. MN.
Zohar, D. (1980). Safety climate in industrial organizations: Theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 96-102.
Zohar, D. (2000). A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on micro accidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 587-596.