ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구에서는 내담자 방어 성숙도와 상담자 개입과의 관계를 살펴보고, 방어 성숙도와 상담자 개입의 상호작용이 상담성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 내담자 방어 성숙도가 높을수록, 높은 작업동맹 수준을 보였고, 전반적 기능평가도 높게 나타났다. 내담자 방어 성숙도와 상담자 개입간의 상관을 분석한 결과, 내담자의 높은 방어 성숙도와 상담자 직면개입간의 정적 상관이 나타났다. 내담자 방어성숙도와 상담자 개입간의 상관은 상담자가 내담자의 방어 성숙도 수준에 맞추어서 개입했을 가능성을 시사한다. 내담자 방어 성숙도와 상담자 개입의 상호작용이 상담성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, 방어 성숙도가 낮은 내담자의 경우 상담자 직면비율이 상대적으로 높은 회기들에서 보다 높은 작업동맹 수준을 보였다. 반면, 내담자 방어 성숙도 수준이 높은 경우에는, 상담자 직면비율에 상관없이 꾸준히 높은 작업동맹 수준과 전반적 기능평가를 유지하였다. 내담자 방어에 대한 이해는 각 내담자에 대한 역동적인 가설을 제공하며, 내담자의 방어 성숙도 수준에 맞게 상담자 개입의 유형(직면과 지지)을 선정할 수 있는 함의를 제공한다.
This study examined the relationship between clients' defense maturity levels and the counselors' interventions and the relationship's interaction effect on the counseling outcomes. The results showed that the higher clients' levels of defense maturity, the higher their levels of global functioning and working alliance. This suggested that defense maturity could be a good indicator of the effectiveness of counseling. The frequency of the counselors' confrontational intervention showed positive correlation with clients' higher maturity defenses while it correlated negatively with those of lower level. These results suggested that counselors adjusted their intervention patterns to clients' defense maturity levels. As for the effect on counseling outcome of the interactions between defense maturity and counselors' interventions, the clients with low defense maturity showed higher working alliance levels in sessions where the ratio of counselors' confrontation to other interventions was higher than in sessions with a lower ratio. In contrast, clients with mature defenses maintained their high levels of working alliance and global functioning throughout the counseling process. They were expected to show positive counseling outcomes because they seemed to be able to observe themselves objectively and utilize counselors' interventions in a constructive way. Through understanding clients' levels of defense, the counselor can not only generate useful hypotheses about clients' underlying dynamics, but also provide appropriate interventions that are tailored to the clients' levels of defense maturity. Further research is needed to find out how to enhance clients' defense maturity and facilitate their self-observation.
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