바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

ACOMS+ 및 학술지 리포지터리 설명회

  • 한국과학기술정보연구원(KISTI) 서울분원 대회의실(별관 3층)
  • 2024년 07월 03일(수) 13:30
 

logo

메뉴

한국판 가족용서 척도 개발 및 가족용서와 청소년의 또래관계 사이에서 또래신뢰의 매개효과

Development of the Family Forgiveness Scale-Korean Version and mediating effect of peer trust on the relation between Family Forgiveness and Adolescent's peer relations

초록

본 연구의 첫 번째 목적은 한국판 가족용서 척도를 개발하는 것이고, 두 번째 목적은 청소년의 가족 내 용서 경험이 또래신뢰와 또래관계에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 가족용서 척도(Family Forgiveness Scale: FFS)의 한국판(FFS-K)을 개발하고 타당화하였고, 이어서 청소년의 가족 내 용서 경험이 또래관계에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 또래신뢰가 매개역할을 하는지를 살펴보았다. FFS-K의 개발과 타당화를 위해 중학교 3학년 339명을 대상으로 FFS를 실시하고 탐색적 요인분석을 실시하였으며, 가족 의사소통 척도, 가족 응집력/적응력 척도, 부모-자녀 갈등 척도들과의 상관분석을 알아보았다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 개방성, 이해와 책임, 회복으로 구성된 3요인 모델이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. FFS-K는 보통 수준의 내적 합치도를 보였으며, 가족의 개방적 의사소통, 가족 적응력, 가족 응집력과는 유의한 정적 상관을 보인 반면에 부모-자녀 갈등과는 부적 상관을 보여 수렴 타당도는 지지되었다. 이어서 가족용서와 또래관계 사이에서 또래신뢰의 역할을 알아보기 위해서 중학교 3학년 268명을 대상으로 설문지를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 또래신뢰는 가족용서와 또래관계 사이에서 완전매개역할을 하고 있었다.

keywords
adolescents, family forgiveness, mediating effects, peer relations, peer trust., 가족용서, 또래관계, 또래신뢰, 매개효과, 탐색적 요인분석

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate the Korean version of Family Forgiveness Scale(FFS-K) and to examine the effects of forgiveness in family on adolescent's peer trust and peer relations. In developing and validating FFS-K, 339 middle school students answered FFS-K and other three instruments. Exploratory factor analyses showed that FFS-K was consisted of 3 factors(i.e., Openness, Understanding/ responsibility, & Recovery). FFS-K was positively associated with family open communication and family adaptability/cohesion, and was negatively related to parents-children conflicts. Study 2 surveyed a sample 268 of middle school students to test the mediating effect of peer trust on the relation between family forgiveness and adolescent's peer relations. The result showed that peer trust exhibited perfect mediating effects on the relation between family forgiveness and peer relations. Limitations of the current study and implications to future study are discussed.

keywords
adolescents, family forgiveness, mediating effects, peer relations, peer trust., 가족용서, 또래관계, 또래신뢰, 매개효과, 탐색적 요인분석

참고문헌

1.

길애진 (1999). 한국청소년과 재미교포청소년이지각한 부모-자녀 간 의사소통과 가족응집성및 적응성 간의 관계. 서울대학교 석사학위청구논문.

2.

김광수 (1999). 용서교육 프로그램 개발. 서울대학교 박사학위 청구논문.

3.

김윤희 (1990). 부부관계, 부모-자녀의 의사소통,가족기능과 청소년 자녀비행과의 관계연구.숙명여자대학교 박사학위 청구논문.

4.

김정수 (1997). 부자간 갈등에서 나타나는 비양립성 지각과 비행. 한양대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

5.

김청송 (2009). 청소년심리학의 이론과 쟁점. 서울: 학지사

6.

부선희 (1999). 애착, 청소년이 지각한 부모-자녀간의 갈등과 비행경향성과의 관계. 가톨릭대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

7.

서정선, 신희천 (2007). 용서가 결혼만족에 미치는 영향: 자기-상대방 상호의존성 모델의 적용. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 19(1),87-106.

8.

서주현 (2001). 청소년의 인터넷을 통한 친구관계의 기능. 구조적 특성 및 만족감. 서울대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

9.

오영희 (2007). 청소년의 부모-자녀 갈등경험과심리적 부적응과의 관계: 용서 자아존중감의 매개효과. 교육심리연구 21(3), 645-663.

10.

이연수 (2010). 청소년의 용서경험결정요인에 관한 연구. 경기대학교 박사학위 청구논문.

11.

이은해, 고윤주 (1999). 학령기 아동을 위한 친구관계의 질 척도 개발에 관한 연구. 한국아동학회지, 20(2), 225-242.

12.

임지원 (2009). 중학생의 애착유형과 성별에 따른친구관계. 단국대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

13.

정선혜 (2000). 초기 청소년의 친구관계 및 부모와의 관계와 자아지각간의 관계. 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

14.

정경아 (1992). 사춘기 발달과 부모-자녀 관계에관한 연구. 연세대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

15.

정영인 (1988). 인기도에 따라 아동이 느끼는 외로움 및 학업성취에 관한 연구. 숙명여대대학원 석사학위 청구논문.

16.

최인실 (2004). 청소년이 지각한 가족갈등과 심리적 적응 및 진로태도 성숙도에 관한 연구.전북대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

17.

최정렬 (1990). 친구 간 信義분석과 척도 구성.부산대학교 석사학위 청구논문.

18.

홍세희 (2000). 특별기고: 구조 방정식 모형의적합도 지수 선정기준과 그 근거. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 19(1), 161-177.

19.

홍세희 (2005). 구조방정식 모형의 이론과 응용. 2005년도 한국교육심리학회 제 3차연구방법론 Workshop 자료.

20.

Aboud, F. E., & Mendelson, M. L. (1996). Determinants of friendship selection and quality: Developmental perspectives. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendships in childhood and adolescence(pp.87- 112). New York: Cambridge University Press.

21.

Al-Mabuk, R. H., Enright, R. D. & Cardis, P. A. (1995). Forgiving education with parentally love-deprived late adolescents. Journal of Moral Education, 24(4), 427-444.

22.

Ary, D. V., Duncan, T. E., Biglan, A., Metzler, C., W., Noell, J. W., & Smolkowski, K., (1999). Development of adolescent problem behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27(2), 141-150.

23.

Asher, S. R., & Wheeler, V. A. (1985). Children's loneliness: A Comparison of rejected and neglected peer status. Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 53(4), 500-505

24.

Ballif,-Spanvil,. B, Clayton, C., J. Hendrix, S. B., & Hunsaker, M. (2004). Individual Differences in the Use of Violent and Peaceful Behavior in Peer Conflicts Among Children 쫴 Have and Have Not Witnessed Interparental Violence. Journal of Emotional Abuse. 4(2), 101- 123.

25.

Barnes, H,. & Olson, D. H. (1982). Parentadolescent communication, family inventories. Family Social Science. St. Paul: University of Minnesota.

26.

Barnes, H,. & Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent- Adolescent Communication and the Circumplex Model. Child Development. 56(2), 438-447.

27.

Baskin, T. W., & Enright, R. D. (2004). Intervention studies on forgiveness: A meta-analysis. Jouunal of Counseling and Development, 82(1), 79-90.

28.

Bergin. A. E. (1988). Three Contributions of a spiritual persective to counseling, psychotherapy, and behavioral change. Counseling and Value. 33(1), 221-31

29.

Berndt, T. J. (1982). The features and effects of friendship in early adolescence. Child Development, 53(6), 1447-1460

30.

Bernath, M. S., & Feshbach, N. D. (1995). Children's trust: Theory, assesment, development, and research direction. Applied and Preventive Psychology. 4(1). 1-19.

31.

Brakenhielm, C. R. (1993). Forgiveness. Minneapolis: Forgiveness Press.

32.

Brown, R. P. (2003). Measuring individual differences in the tendency to forgive: Validity and links with depression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(6), 759-771.

33.

Buehler, C., Krishnakumar, A., Anthony, C., Tittsworth, S., & Stone, G. (1994). Hostile interparental conflict and youth maladjustment. Family relations, 43(4), 409-416.

34.

Bukowski, W. M., & Hoza, B. (1989). Popularity and friendship: Issues in theory, measurement, and outcome (pp.15-45). In T. J. Berndt, & G. W. Ladd, Peer relationship in Child Development(pp.71-94). New York: Wiley.

35.

Bukowski, W. M., & Hoza, B., & Boivin, M. (1994). Measuring friendship quality during pre-and early adolescence: The development and psychometric properties of the friendship qualities scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 11(3). 471-484.

36.

Cassidy. J. & Asher. S. R. (1992). Loneliness and peer relations in young children. Child Development, 63(2), 350-365.

37.

Clacs, M. E. (1992). Friendship and personal adjustment during adolescence. Journal of Adolescence. 15(1), 30-55.

38.

Cords, M., & Aureli, F. (2000). Reconciliation and relationship qualities. In F. Aureli & F. B. M. de Waal (Eds.), Natural conflict resolution (pp.177-198). Berkeley: University of california Press.

39.

de Waal, F. B. M. (1997). Bonobo: The forgotten ape. Berkeley: University of California Press.

40.

de Waal, F. B. M. (2000). Primate: A Natural heritage of conflict resolution. Science, 289 (5479), 586-590.

41.

Elena D. Jeffries. (2002). Experiences. Antecedents. and Psychosocial Correlates of Interpersonal Trust among ethnic minority adolescents from low-income families. In Niobe Way(Eds.), Conceptualizations of Trust(pp.7-48) New York: New York University Press

42.

Emery, R. E., Fincham, F. D., & Cummings, E. M. (1992). Parenting in context: Systemic thinking about parental conflict and its influence on children. Journal of consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(6), 909-912.

43.

Emery, R. E., & O'Leary, K. D. (1984). Marital discord and child behavior problem in a nonclinic samples. Journal of Abnormal Child Development. 71(6), 1648-1661.

44.

Enright, R. D. (2001). Forgiveness is a choice: A step-by-step process for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC, US: American psychological Association.

45.

Enright, R. D. & North, J. (1998). Exploring Forgiveness. Madison, WI: The university of Wisconsin Press.

46.

Enright, R. D., & Park, Y. (1997). The development of forgiveness in the context of adolescent friendship conflict in Korea. Journal of adolescent, 20(4), 393-402.

47.

Enright, R. D. & The Human Developmental Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gerwirtz(Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

48.

Enright, R. D. & The Human Developmental Study Group. (1995). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On Forgiving, Receiving Forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of wisconsin, Madison.

49.

Enright, R. D., & The Human Developmental study Group. (1996). Counseling within the forgiveness triad: On Forgiving. receiving forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. Counseling and Values, 40(2), 107-126.

50.

Enright, R. D., Santos, M.., & Al-Mabuk, R. (1989). The adolescent as forgiver. Journal of adolescence 12(1): 95-110.

51.

Erel, O., & Burman, B. (1995). Interrelatedness of marital relations and parent-child relations: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 118 (1), 108-132.

52.

Erikson, E, H. (1950). Chilhood and Society. New York: W. W. Norton.

53.

Freedman, S. R. & Enright, R. D. (1996). Forgiveness as an intervention goal with incest survivors. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 983-992.

54.

Fincham. F. D. (2000). The kiss of the porcupines: From attributing responsibility to forgiving.. Personal Relationship, 7(1), 1-23.

55.

Fincham. F. D., Beach, S. R. H., & Davila, J. (2004). Forgiveness and conflict resolution in marriage. Journal of Family Psychology. 18(1), 72-81.

56.

Fincham. F. D., Carnelley. K. B., Maio. G. R. & Thomas. G. (2008). Unraveling the Role of Forgiveness in Family Relationship. Journal of Personality and social psychology, 94(2), 307-319.

57.

Fitzgibbons, R. P. (1986). The Cognitive and emotive uses of forgiveness in the treatment of anger. Psychotherapy, 23(4), 629-633.

58.

Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and women's development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

59.

Gregory R. Maio, Geoff Thomas, Frank D. Fincham (2008). Unraveling the Role of Forgiveness in Family Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2), 307-319.

60.

Hargrave, T. D. and Anderson, W. T. (1992). Finishing well: Aging and Reparation in the intergenerational family. New York: Brunner/ Mazel.

61.

Hartup, W. (1992). Friendships and their developmental significance. In H. McGurk(Ed), Childhood social development: Contemporary perspectives. London: Erlbaum.

62.

Hartup, W. (1993). Adolescents and their friends. In B. Laursen (Eds.), New directions for child development: Close friendships in adolescence (pp.3-22). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

63.

Hope, D. (1987). The healing paradox of forgiveness. Psychotherapy, 24(2), 240-244.

64.

Imber, S. (1973). Relationship of trust to academic performance. Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 28(1), 145-150.

65.

Jonson-George, C. & Swap, Walter C. (1982). Measurement of Specific Interpersonal Trust: Construction and Validation of a Scale to Assess Trust in a Specific Other. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 43(6), 1306- 1317.

66.

Jonhson, H. D., LaVoice, J. C., & Mahoney, M. (2000). Young Adult's Peer Conflict Tactics: Associations with Interparental Conflict. Family Cohesion, and Parent-Child Conflict Tactics. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality. 15(4), 459-474

67.

Kim,k U., Park, Y. S., & Park, D. (2000). The Challenge of cross-cultural psychology: The role of the indigenous psychologies. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 31(1), 63-75

68.

Kitzmann, K. M., & Cohen, R. (2003). Parents' versus children's perceptions of interparental conflict as predictors of children's friendship quality. Journal of Social and personal Relationship. 20(5), 689-702.

69.

Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In T. Lickona(Ed.), Moral development and Behavior: Theory, research, and social issue, (pp.31-53). New York: Holt.

70.

Lin, W-F., Mack, D., Enright, R. D., Krahn, D., & Baskin, T. W. (2004). Effects of forgiveness therapy on anger, mood, and vulnerability to substance use among inpatient substancedependent clients. Jounal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(6), 1114-1121.

71.

Luskin, F. (2002). Forgive for good: A proven prescription for health and happiness. San Francisco: Harpercollings.

72.

Luebbert, M. C. (1999). The survival value of forgiveness. In D. H. Rosen & M. C. Luebbert (Eds.), Evolution of the psyche (pp.169-187). Westport, Ct: Prager/Greenwood.

73.

Margie W. Pollard, Ruth A. Anderson, William T. Anderson And Glen jennings (1998). The development of a family forgiveness scale. Journal of Family Therapy, 20(1), 95-109.

74.

McCullough, M. E., & Hoyt, W. T. (2002). The forgiver in context: Personal and situational determinants of forgiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1556-1573.

75.

McCullough, M. E., & PArgament, K. I. (2000). Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice. New York: The Guilford Press.

76.

McCullough, M. E., & Worthington, E. L., Jr (1994). Models of interpersonal forgiveness and their applications to counseling: Review and critique. Counseling and Values, 39(1), 2-14..

77.

McCullough, M. E., Exline, J. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). An annotated Bibliography of research on forgiveness and related concepts. In E. L. Worthington, Jr Dimensions of Forgiveness: Psychological research and theological perspectives, p.193-317. Philadelphia. PA: Templeton Foundation press.

78.

Muller, E.,, & Girard, M. (2000). Developmental and cognitive points of view on forgiveness. In M. E. McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice (pp.111-132). New york: Guilford Press.

79.

Muller, E.,, & Neto, F., & Riviere, C. (2005). Personality and its effects on resentment, revenge, forgiveness, and self-forgiveness. In E. L. Worthington, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness(pp.159-181). New York: Routledge.

80.

North, J. (1987). Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philosophy, 62(242), 336-352.

81.

Nunnally, Jum C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York : McGraw-Hill, c1978

82.

Parke, R, D., Cassidy, J., Burks, V, & Bhavnagri, N. (1989). Alternative pathways: Modes of family-peer relationships. In S. Asher & J. Coiei(Eds.), Peer rejection in childhood(pp. 338- 361). New York: Cambridge University Press.

83.

Parke, R, & Ladd, G (1992). Family-peer relationships: Modes of linkage. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

84.

Parker. J. G., & Asher, S. R. (1993). Friendship and Friendship quality in middle childhood: Links with peer group acceptance and feeling of loneliness and social dissatisfaction. Developmental Psychology, 29(4), 611-621.

85.

Printz, R. J., Foster, S., Kent, R. N., & O'Leary, K. D. (1979). Multivariate assessment of conflict in distressed and nondistressed mother-adolescent dyads. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 12(6). 691-700.

86.

Rotter. J. B. (1967). A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust. Journal of Personality. 35(4), 651-665

87.

Sandage, S. J. & Williamson, I. (2005). Forgiveness in cultural context. In E. L. Worthington, Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp.41-55). New York: Routledge.

88.

Savin-Williams, R. C., & Berndt, T. J. (1990). Friendship and peer relation. In S. S. Feldman, & G. R. Elliott(Eds.), At the threshold: The developing adolescent(pp.277-307). Cambridge, MA: Harvard university Press.

89.

Selman, R. L. (1980). The Growth of interpersonal understanding. New York: Academic Press.

90.

Selman, R. L., & Selman, A. P. (1979). Children's ideas about friendship: A new theory. Psychology Today, 13(114), 71-80.

91.

Selman, R. L., & Schultz, L. (1990). Making a friend in youth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

92.

Takaku, S., Weiner, B., & Ohbuchi, K (2001). A cross-cultural examination of the effects of apology and perspective taking on forgiveness. Journal of language and social Psychology, 20(1), 144-166.

93.

Temoshok, L. R., & Chandra, P. S. (2000). The meaning of forgiveness in a specific situational and cultural context: persons with HIV/AIDS in India. In M. E. McCullough, K. I. Pargament, & C. E. Thoresen (Eds.), Forgiveness: Theory, research and practice (pp.41- 64). New York: Guilford Press.

94.

Trainer, M. (1981). Forgiveness: Intrinsic, role-expected, expedient, in the context of divorce. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Boston university.

95.

Trivers, R. (1985). Social evolution. Menlo Park, CA: Benjamin/Cummings.

96.

Wade, S. H. (1989). The development of a scale to measure forgiveness: Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Fuller Graduate School of Psychology.

97.

Willson, H. (1994). Forgiveness and survivers of sexual abuse: Relationships among Forgiveness of the perpetrater, spiritual well-being, depression and anxiety. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Boston University.

98.

Worthington, E. L., Tr., & Diblasio, F. A. (1990). Promoting mutual forgiveness within the fractured relationship. Psychotherapy, 27(2), 219- 223.

99.

Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2005). Handbook of Forgiveness. New York: Routledge.

100.

Y. O. Park and R. D. Enright, (1997). The Development of Forgiveness in the Context of Adolescent Friendship Conflict in Korea, Journal of Adolescence 20(4), 393-402

101.

Youniss, J. (1980). Parents and peers in social development: A Sullivan-Piaget Perspective. Chicago, IL: University of chicago Press.

logo