본 연구에서는 대학생의 아동기 및 성인기 ADHD 증상과 심리적 부적응, 대인관계 문제와 학업성취의 관계에서 실행기능 결함의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 1082명(남445명, 여637명)의 남녀 대학생을 대상으로 아동기 ADHD 증상, 성인기 ADHD 증상, 실행기능 결함, 심리적 부적응, 대인관계 문제, 학점과 능력발휘 정도에 대한 자기보고 평가를 실시하고 SPSS 23.0과 Mplus 6.12 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 대학생의 아동기 및 성인기 ADHD 증상이 심리적 부적응, 대인관계 문제 및 학업성취에 미치는 영향에 있어서 실행기능 결함 요인의 매개를 통한 간접경로와 직접경로를 모두 탐색하기 위해 연구모형을 부분매개모형으로 설정하였다. 구조모형에 대한 적합도 분석을 통해 수정모형과 대안모형을 비교하여 우수한 모형을 선정하고 구조방정식 모형분석을 통해 검증한 결과, 대학생의 아동기 및 성인기 ADHD 증상이 심리적 부적응에 미치는 영향에 있어서 성인기 ADHD의 직접효과가 유의하였고, 정서조절 결함의 매개효과가 유의하였다. 또한 대학생의 대인관계 문제에 대한 조직화/문제해결 및 정서조절 결함의 매개효과가 유의하였고, 학업성취에 대한 시간관리 결함의 매개효과가 유의하였다. 본 연구는 ADHD 증상과 부적응에 대한 실행기능 결함의 매개효과를 검증하였고, 실행기능 결함에 대한 조기중재의 필요성을 제안하였다는데 의의가 있다.
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of executive functioning deficits in the relationship between ADHD symptoms and psychopathology, interpersonal problem, and academic achievement in college students. Participants were 1082 (445 males, 637 females) college students who completed self-report measures including the Childhood ADHD Symptom Scale, Current ADHD Symptom Scale (K-AADHDS), Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (K-BDEFS), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Interpersonal Problems Scale (KIIP-SC), GPA, and performance evaluations. Structural equation modeling verified the mediating effect of executive functioning deficits. The direct effect of adult ADHD symptoms on psychopathology was significant, and the mediating effect of emotion regulation deficits on psychopathology was significant. The mediating effects of organizing/ problem-solving and emotion regulation deficits on interpersonal problems were also significant. Finally, the mediating effect of time management deficits on academic achievement was significant. The implications, limitations, and directions for future research are presented.
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