ISSN : 1229-0688
본연구에서는 진로결정에 영향을 미치는 요인 중, 심리적 요인인 성공공포, 성취동기, 그리고 역할정체감이 남녀 대학생들의 진로결정에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 밝혀냄으로써 남녀 학생들 개개인의 특성에 따른 진로지도의 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 응답자는 수도권내에 있는 2개 대학에서 표집된 1,228명이었으며(남; 866명, 여; 362명), 남녀 학생간에 성공공포의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 성공공포가 높을수록 성취동기는 낮아지는 경향이 있으며, 성역할정체감 유형별로는 집단간 차이가 유의하게 나타나, 남성성 유형과 양성성 유형 집단의 성공공포가 높았다. 또한 성공공포수준이 낮을수록 진로결정 유형이 더 합리적이고 진로결정의 모든 수준이 높게 나타났다. 중다회귀분석 결과, 전체대학생의 경우 성취동기는 합리적인 진로결정유형과 학교적응수준에 대한 정적 예언의 기여도가 가장 높았으며, 직업계획과 전공수준에서는 성역할정체감의 하위요인들 중 주동성이 정적 예언에의 기여도가 높았다. 남녀별로 중다회귀분석한 결과 남녀간의 차이가 나는 것은 학교적응수준에서 남학생은 성취동기가, 여학생은 주동성이 정적예언에의 기여도가 가장 컸다. 또한, 여학생의 경우에는 성공공포가 학교적응수준에서 부적 예언에의 기여도가 유의하게 나타난 반면, 남학생의 경우에는 직업계획수준에서 부적 예언에의 기여도가 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과 대학생들의 진로지도나 상담프로그램을 실시하는 데 있어서 성별로 구분하기 보다는 개인적인 특성을 감안해서 실시할 필요성을 시사한다.
The purpose of this study is to explore how fear of success, achievement motivation, and sex-role identity affect career decision making of college students, as measured by the Assessment of Career Decision Making (ACDM) and Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ). The subjects for this study consisted of 866 male and 362 female students from two universities in the metropolitan area of Seoul. The results for the study are as follows: No significant differences were found in fear of success scale between male and female groups. However, there were significant differences between groups classified by the types of sex-role identity scale. Students scored low in the fear of success scale have higher scores in masculine type scale and androgynous type scale, while the type of career decision making was more rational and the levels of career decision making appears in high level. Using stepwise method of multiple regression analysis, the results revealed that achievement motivation scale was most positively correlated with rational score of career decision making types and school adjustment level of the career decision malking. Initiative scale of masculine characteristics was most positively correlated with the planning career orientation, and major level of career decision making. 1'here were some differences in the result of stepwise method of multiple regression analysis between male and female groups ; for the male students, achievement motivation scale is most positively correlated with school adjustment score of career decision making, while for female students, initiative scale of masculine characteristics was most positively correlated with it. And for male students, fear of success scale was negatively correlated with the score of planning career orientation level, while for female students it was negatively correlated with the score of school adjustment level. The results of the study suggested that when career guidance and counseling program is planned for college students, it is important to consider personal characteristics instead of gender classification. Especially, it seemed very crucial to provide training programs for female students to develop initiative characteristics and related personal skills of masculine characteristics of sex-role identity and achievement motivation.
