본 연구는 자기결정성 이론(Deci & Ryan, 1985)을 바탕으로 자기결정성 수준에 따라 직장인들에게 여러 유형의 자기계발 동기가 존재하는지 알아보고, 자기결정성 수준이 높은 자기계발 동기일수록 심리적 안녕감과 높은 관련을 보이는지 알아보았다. 더 나아가 자기계발 동기 유형과 심리적 안녕감과의 관계에서 기본적 심리 욕구(유능감, 자율성, 유대감)의 충족이 매개 역할을 하는지 검증하였다. 마지막으로 심리적 안녕감과 관련을 보이는 자기계발 동기를 촉진하는데 있어서 자기성장 주도성과 자율성 지지 환경이 유의한 선행변수로 작용하는지 검증하였다. 이를 위해 수도권에 위치한 대기업 규모의 기업에서 근무하는 직장인 286명을 대상으로 본 연구의 변인들을 측정하는 설문을 실시하였다. 탐색적 요인 분석(N =286) 결과 자기계발 동기는 내재적 동기, 동일시 조절 동기, 내사적 조절 동기, 외적 조절 동기의 네 유형으로 구분되었다. 현재 자기계발 활동을 하고 있는 집단(N = 200)을 대상으로 구조방정식 모형을 분석한 결과 내재적 동기만이 심리적 안녕감을 예언하였으며, 기본적 심리 욕구 충족은 내재적 동기와 심리적 안녕감 사이를 완전 매개 하였다. 다음으로 실시한 선행변수의 효과 검증에서 자기 성장 주도성만이 내재적 동기와 유의미한 관계를 보였고, 내재적 동기가 자기성장 주도성과 기본 욕구 충족을 부분 매개하여 심리적 안녕감으로 이르는 결과를 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과는 직장인들이 자기계발을 할 때도 즐거움과 흥미가 수반되어야만 심리적 안녕감을 느낄 수 있으며, 그 이유는 내재적 자기계발 동기만이 기본적 심리 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있기 때문으로 이해된다. 또한 자기성장 주도성을 갖는 것이 내재적 자기계발 동기를 증진시키고 이것이 심리적 안녕감으로 이르게 됨을 시사한다.
This study identifies whether different types of self-development motivation exist among salaried workers based on the self-determination dimensions guided by the Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985). The study examines whether self-development motivation with a higher level in self-determination are more strongly related to psychological well-being. Furthermore, the study examines whether fulfillment of basic psychological needs (competence, autonomy, and relatedness) mediates the relationship between different types of self-development motivation and psychological well-being. Finally, the study investigates the role of personal growth initiative and autonomy supportive environment as antecedent variables predicting self-development motivation. Explorative factor analysis (EFA) yielded the four dimensions of self-development motivation (i.e. intrinsic motivation, identified regulated motivation, introjected regulated motivation, and externally regulated motivation). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed on the group of employees (N = 200) currently involved in the self-development activity. The SEM analysis revealed that intrinsic self-development motivation alone predicts psychological well-being, and basic psychological need satisfaction fully mediates the relationship between intrinsic motivation and psychological well-being. Next, personal growth initiative was significantly related to intrinsic motivation, but autonomy supportive environment was not. In addition, Intrinsic motivation partially mediated the association between personal growth initiative and basic need satisfaction, which subsequently led psychological well-being. The study findings suggest that employees' self-development may lead psychological well-being only when including enjoyment and personal interests because intrinsic self-development motivation alone fulfills basic psychological needs. Additionally, the results indicate that personal growth initiative may play an important role in promoting intrinsic self-development motivation, which in turn leads to psychological well-being.
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