바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

The Effect of Applicant’s Impression Management Strategies on Personality Rating in Interview

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of impression management strategies on Big 5 personality rating in interview. We made up four different videos that the same hypothetical applicant used different impression management strategies during the three minutes interview. The hypothetical applicant used a combination of the assertive strategy(high versus low) and non-verbal strategy(use versus no-use). The sixty-eight raters evaluated Big 5 personality traits of the applicant after they watched one of four videos(2 × 2 experimental conditions). It was found that the raters evaluated the applicant's emotional stability and openness were high when the applicant used high assertive strategy than low assertive strategy. Also, the raters evaluated the applicant was more extroverted, agreeable, conscientious, emotionally stable, open when the applicant used non-verbal strategy(such as eye-contact, smiling, and nodding) than not used. In addition, interaction effect between the assertive strategy(high versus low) and non-verbal strategy(use versus no-use) was found in the rating of emotional stability. Specifically, the simple main effect of assertive strategy was not strong when the applicant used non-verbal strategy. But the rater evaluated the applicant was more emotionally stable in high assertive strategy condition than low assertive strategy condition when the applicant not used non-verbal strategy. Finally, theoretical and practical implications, limitations of this study, and future research tasks were discussed.

keywords
interview, impression management strategy, personality rating, Big 5, 면접, 인상관리 전략, 외향성, 원만성, 성실성, 정서적 안정성, 개방성

Reference

1.

노컷뉴스 (2013.12.09). 입사 면접 때 선호도 1위는 어떤 성격?

2.

민병모, 이경임, 정재창 (1997). NEO 인성검사 (NEO PI-RS). PSI컨설팅.

3.

박명옥 (2008). 호텔종사자의 성격 특성, 인상관리, 상사-부하 교환관계 및 직무만족간의 관계 연구. 박사학위논문, 동아대학교.

4.

유태용 (1995). 한국기업의 신입사원 선발방법에 관한 실태조사: 1992-1994년을 중심으로. 광운대학교 논문집, 24, 133-153.

5.

유태용, 민병모 (2001). 다양한 장면에서 수행을 예측하기 위한 5요인 성격모델의 사용가능 성과 한계: 국내 연구결과의 통합분석, 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 14(2), 115-134.

6.

장연진, 정선욱 (2008). 사회복지 지원자의 채용면접 인상관리전략에 관한 질적 연구. 한국사회복지학회지, 60(1), 77-102.

7.

조은성 (1997). 연구원들의 상사에 대한 인상관리의 영향요인과 결과에 대한 연구. 석사학위 논문, 한국과학기술원.

8.

Ambady, N., & Rosenthal, R. (1998). Nonverbal communication. In H. Friedman(Ed.), Encyclopedia of Mental Health.

9.

Avia, M.. D., Sanchez-Bernardos, M. L., Sanz, J., Carrillo, J.. & Rojo, N. (1998). Self-presentation strategies and the five-factor model. Journal of Research in Personality, 32, 108-114.

10.

Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1-26.

11.

Bagby, R. M., & Marshall, M. B. (2003). Positive impression management and its influence on the revised NEO personality inventory: A comparison of analog and differential prevalence group designs. Psychological Assessment, 15(3), 333-339.

12.

Bernardin, H. J., Cooke, D. K., & Villanova, P. (2000). Conscientiousness and agreeableness as predictors of rating leniency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(2), 232-236.

13.

Bolino, M. C. & Turnley, W. H. (2003). More than one way to make an impression: Exploring profiles of impression management. Journal of Management, 29(2), 141-160.

14.

Cable, D. M., & Judge, T. A. (2003). Managers' upward influence tactic strategies: The role of manager personality and supervisor leadership style. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(2), 197-214.

15.

Chen, Y. Y., & Fang, W. (2008). The moderating effect of impression management on the organizational politics-performance relationship. Journal of Business Ethics, 79, 263-272.

16.

Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R (1992). NEO-PI-R professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.

17.

Cox, B. D. (2010). Differential functioning by high and low impression management groups on a big five applicant screening tool. Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.

18.

DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H. (2003). Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 74-118.

19.

Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.

20.

Fletcher, C. (1990). The relationship between candidate personality, self-presentation strategies and interviewer assessments in selection interviews: An empirical study. Human Relations, 43, 739-749.

21.

Flynn, F. J., Chatman, J. A., & Spataro, S. E. (2001). Getting to know you: The influence of personality on impressions and performance of demographically different people in organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46(3), 414-442.

22.

Gardner, W. L., & Martinko, M. J. (1988). Impression management: An observational study linking audience characteristics with verbal self-presentations. Academy of Management Journal, 31(1), 42-65.

23.

Giacalone, R. A., & Rosenfeld, P. (1986). Self-presentation and self-promotion in an organizational setting. Journal of Social Psychology, 126, 321-326.

24.

Gilmore, D., & Ferris, G. (1989). The effect of applicant impression management tactics on interviewer judgments. Journal of Management, 15, 557-564.

25.

Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, N.Y.: Double day.

26.

Greenberg, J. (1996). Managing behavior in organization. NJ: Prentice Hall.

27.

Groh, J. M., Trause, A. S., Underhill, A. M., Clark, K. R., & Inati, S. (2001). Eye position influences auditory responses in primate inferior colliculus. Neuron, 29, 509-518.

28.

Higgins, C. A., & Judge, T. A. (2004). The effect of applicant influence tactics on recruiter perceptions of fit and hiring recommendations: A field study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 622-632.

29.

Holtgraves, T, & Scrull, T. K. (1989). The effects of positive self-descriptions on impressions: General principles and individual differences. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 15, 452-462.

30.

Howard, J. L., & Ferris, G. R. (1996). The employment interview context: Social and situational influences on interviewer decisions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 112-136.

31.

John, O. P. (1990). The “Big Five” factor taxonomy: Dimensions of personality in the natural language and in questionnaires. In L. Pervin(Ed.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research(pp.66-100). NY: Guilford Press.

32.

Klinzing, H. G., & Aloisio, B. G. (2006). Does the improvement of nonverbal skill flow on to changes in personality dimensions? Six experimental investigations on the effects of nonverbal-behavior training in laboratory settings on “Charisma”, directiveness, extraversion, focus-of-control orientation, and self efficacy. Association of Teacher Education in Europe Annual ATEE conference, 271-287. Portoroz.

33.

Kinicki A. J., & Lockwood, C. A. (1985). The interview process: An examination of factors recruiters use in evaluating job applicants. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 26, 117-125.

34.

Kristof-Brown, A., Barrick, M. R., & Franke, M. (2002). Applicant impression management: Dispositional influences and consequences for recruiter perceptions of fit and similarity. Journal of management, 28(1), 27-46.

35.

Leary, M. R. & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two component model. Psychological Bulletin. 107(1), 34-47.

36.

Liden, R. C., & Mitchell, T. R. (1988). Ingratiatory behaviors in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 13, 572-587.

37.

Lievens, F., & Peeters, H. (2008). Interviewers’ sensitivity to impression management tactics in structured interviews. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 24(3), 174-180.

38.

McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 2, 175-215.

39.

McFarland, L. A., Ryan, A. M. & Kriska, S. D. (2003). Impression management use and effectiveness across assessment methods. Journal of Management, 29(5), 642-643.

40.

McFarland, L. A., Yun, G. J., Harold, C. M., Viera, Jr. L, & Moore, L. G. (2005). An examination of impression management use and effectiveness across assessment center exercises: The role of competency demands. Personnel Psychology, 58, 949-980.

41.

Miller, L. C., & Cox, C. L. (1982). For appearance's sake: Public selfconsciousness and make up use. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, 748-751.

42.

Riggio, R. E., & Friedman, H. S. (1986). Impression formation: The role of expressive behaviour. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 421-427.

43.

Park, B., & Kraus, S. (1992). Consensus in initial impressions as a function of verbal information. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 439-446.

44.

Peeters, H., & Lievens, F. (2006). Verbal and nonverbal impression management tactics in behaviour description and situational interviews. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 14, 3.

45.

Schlenker, B. R. (1980). Impression management: The self-concept, social identity, and interpretational relations. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole.

46.

Solomon, M. R., & Schopler, J. (1982). Self-consciousness and clothing. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 8, 508-514.

47.

Spinhoven, P., Vangaalen, H., & Abraham, R. (1995). The defense style questionnaire: A psychometric examination. Journal of Personality Disorders, 9, 124-133.

48.

Stevens, C., & Kristof, A. (1995). Making the right impression: A field study of applicant impression management during job interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(5), 587-606.

49.

Sussman, L., Adam, A. J., Kuzmits, F. E., & Raho, L. E. (2002). Organizational politics: Tactics, channels, and hierarchical roles. Journal of Business Ethics, 40(4), 313-329.

50.

Tata, J. (2002). The influence of accounts on perceived social loafing in work teams. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 13, 292-308.

51.

Tedeschi, J. T., & Melburg, V. (1984). Impression management and influence in the organization. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 3, 31-58.

52.

Tedeschi, J. T., & Norman, N. (1985). Power, self-presentation, and the self. In B. R. Schlenker(Ed.), The self and social life (pp.293-322). N.Y: MacGraw Hill.

53.

Zeppetella, G. (2002). Palliative care in clinical practice. London: Springer-Verlag.

logo