open access
메뉴ISSN : 1229-0696
The study was designed to investigate the effects of employees’ work meaning on organizational commitment and the moderating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between work meaning and organizational commitment. Data were collected from 1,000 employees via online survey. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that work meaning explained an additional 26.1% of variance in organizational commitment with controlling demographic variables. Also among three factors of work meaning, self-actualization was the most important factor in explaining organizational commitment, and was followed by making a living and social relationships in order. Transformational leadership was found to play a moderating role on the relationship between self-actualization work meaning and organizational commitment. The higher transformational leadership of leaders was, the stronger relationship between self-actualization and organizational commitment was. This study showed that organizational commitment is influenced by work meaning and leadership style, and interactions of the two variables. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for the future research were discussed.
경향비즈 (2007. 6. 6). 직장인 54% “현 직장에 애사심 없다”. http://biz. khan. co.kr/khan_art_view.html?artid=20070606182117&code=920507에서 2017. 12. 09. 자료 얻음.
김원형 (2005). 조직몰입 3요소의 탐색적 인과관계모형. 조직과 인사관리연구, 29(1), 55-91.
김혜원, 유재은, 우정희 (2017). 직업군인의 소명의식, 일의 의미, 직무스트레스, 스트레스 대처가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향. 스트레스연구, 25(1), 30-36.
권형섭 (2006). 변혁적 리더십이 호텔종사원의 임파워먼트와 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 안양대학교 박사학위논문.
매일경제 (2002. 1. 20). 기업 10곳 중 9곳 신입사원, “다른 기업 원해”. news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2002&no=18048에서2017. 9. 25. 자료 얻음.
매일경제 (2013. 7. 24). 인재가 기업경쟁력(上) “직장 옮기고 싶다” 70%. news.mk.co.kr/newsRead.php?year=2013&no=62841에서2017. 9. 25. 자료 얻음.
박기관 (2008). 직무만족 및 조직몰입의 결정요인에 관한 연구-지방공무원의 직무스트레스를 중심으로. 지방행정연구, 22(2), 171-202.
서재현 (2015). 일의 의미가 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 직무 재창조, 자부심, 조화열정을 중심으로. HRD연구, 17(4), 47-76.
신동식, 김홍규 (2005). 호텔 관리자 리더십 유형에 따른 종사원의 직무만족에 관한 연구. 관광경영연구, 9(1), 167-191.
신효정, 최현주, 이민영, 노현경, 김근화, 장유진, 이상민 (2012). 스트레스 대처방식이 학업소진에 미치는 영향: 억제효과를 중심으로 한 단기 종단연구. 한국심리학회지: 학교, 9(2), 289-309.
안전저널 (2010. 7. 1). 직장인 “현 직장에애사심 없다”. http://www.anjunj.com/news/articleview.html?idxno=1186에서 2017 .12. 09. 자료 얻음.
이강옥, 손태원 (2004). 변혁적 리더십과 거래적 리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구. 대한경영학회지, 45(1), 1571-1594.
이목화, 문형구, 권석균 (2016). 조직몰입 프로파일 유형과 선행요인: 조직몰입에 대한 사람중심(Person-Centered)의 접근. 조직과인사관리연구, 40(3), 93-131.
이용주, 장석인 (2012). 민간경비원의 변혁적 리더십이 직무만족, 조직몰입에 미치는영향: 팔로워십의 매개효과를 중심으로. 정보․보안 논문지, 12(2), 23-32.
이정언, 조신 (2014). 보상시스템의 유형이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향: 중국 기업구성원을 대상으로. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 14(3), 393-400.
이환범, 이수창 (2006). 경찰조직문화 유형별특성과 조직몰입 간의 영향 관계 분석. 한국정책과학학회보, 10(4), 137-157.
인크루트 (2016. 9. 12). 직장인 10명 중 8명, “조직문화 때문에 이직고려”. http://people. incruit.com/news/newsview.asp?gcd=11&newsno=3059965에서 2017. 12. 09. 자료 얻음.
장석인 (2009). 변혁적 및 거래적 리더십이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 구조모형분석. 인적자원관리연구, 16(2), 213-229.
정연앙, 손일상, 최재환 (2003). 임금만족이 조직몰입에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구-노조가입여부를 중심으로. 산업관계연구, 13(1), 87-106.
조선배, 권형섭 (2007). 변혁적 리더십이 호텔종사원의 임파워먼트와 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향. 호텔경영연구, 16(5), 63-76.
조은현, 탁진국 (2011). 코칭리더십 척도 개발 및 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(1), 127-155.
장형석 (2001). 직무만족과 일의 의미 정도에 따른 삶의 목적감의 차이. 부산학생생활연구소: 연구보, 33(1), 137-158.
진주화 (2016. 9. 28). 밀레니얼 세대에게 필요한 동기부여 방식. LG Business Insight, pp. 21-26.
채순화 (2004). 변혁적 리더십, 임파워먼트, 신뢰 및 조직몰입과의 관계: 다차원적 접근. 영남대학교 박사학위논문.
탁진국, 서형준, 김혜선, 남동엽, 정희정, 권누리, 김소영, 정일진 (2015). 일의 의미 척도개발 및 타당화. 한국심리학회지: 산업및 조직, 28(3), 437-456.
탁진국, 서형준, 원용재, 심현주 (2017). 일의의미 척도 구성타당도 검증: 직장인을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 30(3), 357-372.
파이낸셜뉴스 (2013. 6. 17). 직장인 10명 중 6명이 일하는 이유는. http://www.fnnews.com/news/201306170856370258에서 2017. 8. 1. 자료 얻음.
Abdalla, H. G. (2010). The influence of transformational and transactional leadership on employee performance and organizational commitment: A case study in the UAE Public Sector. Master’s thesis, The British University in Dubai.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-17.
Armstrong, M. (2014). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice (13th ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press.
Bass, B. M. (1998). Transformational leadership:Industrial, military, and educational impact. London: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1995). MLQ:Multi-factor leadership questionnaire for research: Permission set. California: Mind Garden.
Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. New York: Guilford Press.
Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 56, 32-42.
Bellah, R. N., Madsen, R., Sullivan, W. M., Swidler, A., & Tipton, S. M. (1985). Habits of the heart: Individualism and commitment in American life. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Beukes, I., & Botha, E. (2013). Organisational commitment, work engagement and meaning of work or nursing staff in hospitals[On-Line]. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(2), http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1144에서2017. 8. 1 자료 얻음.
Brown, B. B. (2003). Employees’ organizational commitment and their perception of supervisors’relations-oriented and task-oriented leadership behaviors. Master’s thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Buchanan, B. (1974). Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19, 533-546.
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper Row.
Bycio, P., Hackett, R., & Allen, J. (1995). Further assessment's of Bass's (1985) conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(4), 468-478.
Chalofsky, N., & Krishna, V. (2009). Meaningfulness, commitment, and engagement:the intersection of a deeper level of intrinsic motivation. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 11(2), 189-203.
Cho, Y., Shin, M., Sugiura, M., Ota, M., & Choi, M. (2016). A comparison of leadership effectiveness among China, Japan, and Korea: Crossvergence perspective. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Proceedings, 2016(1), doi:10.5465/AMBPP.2016. 6061
Dik, B. J., Eldridge, B. M., Steger, M. F., & Duffy, R. D. (2012). Development and validation of the calling and vocation questionnaire(CVQ) and brief calling scale (BCS). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 242-263.
Dreher, D. E., Holloway, K. A., & Schoenfelder, E. (2007). The vocation identity questionnaire:Measuring the sense of calling. Research in the Social Scientific Study of Religion, 18, 99-120.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. E. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276-302.
Dorfman, P. W., Howell, J. P., Hibino, S., Lee, J. K., Tate, U., & Bautista, A. (1997). Leadership in western and Asian countries:Commonalities and differences effective leadership process across cultures. Leadership Quarterly, 8(3), 233-274.
Elangovan, A. R., Pinder, C. C., & McLean, M. (2010). Callings and organizational behavior. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 76, 428-440.
Emery, C. R., & Barker, K. J. (2007). The effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of customer contact personnel. Journal of Organizational Culture, Communication and Conflict, 11(1), 77-90.
Emmons, R. A. (2003). Personal goals, life meaning, and virtue: Wellsprings of a positive life. Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived, (pp. 105-128). Washington:American Psychological Association.
England, G. W., & Harpaz, I. (1990). How working is defined: National contexts and demographic and organizational role influences. Journal Organizational Behavior, 11, 253-266.
Fasola, O. S., Adeyemi, M. A., & Olowe, F. T. (2013). Exploring the Relationship between Transformational, Transactional Leadership Style and Organizational Commitment among Nigerian Banks Employees. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2(6), 96-107.
Geldenhuys, M., Łaba, K., & Venter, C. M. (2014). Meaningful work, work engagement and organizational commitment. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 40(1), 1-10.
Gelaidan, H. M. H. (2012). The moderating effects of organizational culture on the relationship between leadership style and employee commitment to change of public sector in Yemen. Doctoral dissertation, University Utara Malaysia.
Ghadi, M. Y., Fernando, M., & Caputi, P. (2013). Transformational leadership and work engagement: The mediating effect of meaning in work. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34(6), 532-550.
Guion, R. M., & Landy, F. J. (1972). The meaning of work and the motivation to work. Organizational Behavior & Human Performance, 7(2), 308-339.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
Harpaz, I., & Fu, X. (2002). The structure of the meaning of work: A relative stability amidst change. Human Relations, 55(6), 639-667.
Ho, J. (2016). Influence of organizational context and follower’s deposition on the effectiveness of transformational leadership. International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior, 19(3), 308-343.
House, R. J. (1975). Path-goal theory of leadership. Technical Report, 75-67.
Javaid, M. F., & Mirza, M. U. (2012). Leadership style enhances the employee organizational commitment: A case study of educational institutions in Lahore. International Journal on management, statistics & social sciences, 1(1), 64-77.
Jaros, S. J. (1997). An assessment of Meyer and Allen’s(1991) three-component model of organizational commitment and turnover intentions. Journal of Vocational Behavior 51, 319-337.
Jex, S. M., & Britt, T. W. (2012). 조직심리학[Organizational psychology]. (박영석, 서용원, 이주일, 장재윤 공역). 서울: 시그마프레스 (원전은 2008에 출판).
Jung, H. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2016). What does work meaning to hospitality employees? The effects of meaningful work on employees organizational commitment: The mediating role of job engagement. International Journal of Hospitality Management 53, 59-68.
Kanter, R. M. (1968). Commitment and Social Organization: A Social of Commitment Mechanism in Utopian Communities. American Sociological Review, 33(4), 499-517.
Kantor, R. L. (2013). Pay satisfaction, organisational commitment, voluntary turnover intention, and attitudes to money in a south african context. Master’s thesis, University of the Witwatersrand.
Keskes, I. (2013). Relationship between leadership styles and dimensions of employee organizational commitment: A critical review and discussion of future directions. Intangible Capital, 10(1), 26-51.
Kim, H. (2009). Transformational and Transactional Leadership of Athletic Directors and Their Impact on Organizational Outcomes Perceived by Head Coaches at NCAA Division II Intercollegiate Institutions. Doctoral dissertation, Graduate School of The Ohio University.
Lancaster, B. P. (1999). Defining and interpreting suppressor effects: Advantages and limitations. at the Annual Meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association. San Antonio, Texas, January 21-23.
Lin, L. C., Jiang, D. Y., & Cheng, B. S. (2004). Limitations and Opportunities of Transformational Leadership: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support[On-Line]. ANZAM conference and Chinese Culture and Management, http://anzam.org에서 2017. 7. 31 자료 얻음.
Lips-Wiersma, M., & Wright, S. (2012). Measuring the meaning of meaningful work:Development and validation of the comprehensive meaningful work scale(CMWS). Group & Organization Management, 37(5), 655-685.
Lo, M-C., Ramayah, T., & Min, H. W. (2009). Leadership styles and organizational commitment: a test on Malaysia manufacturing industry. African Journal of Marketing Management, 1(6), 133-139.
MacKinnon, D. P., Krull, J. L., & Lockwood, C. M. (2000). Equivalence of the mediation, confounding and suppression effect. The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research, 1(4), 173.
Maslow, A. H. (2009). 동기와 성격[Motivation and personality]. (오혜경 역). 파주: 북이십일(원전은 1970에 출판).
May, D. R., Gilson, R. L., & Harter, L. M.(2004). The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77, 11-37.
Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and Meta-Analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171-194.
Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., Herscovitch, L., & Topolnytsky, L. (2002). Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates, and Consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
MOW International Research Team (1987). The meaning of working. London: Academic Press.
Mowday, R., Porter. L., & Steers, R. (1982). Employee-organizational Linkages: The psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. New York: Academic Press.
Olivier, A. L., & Rothmann, S. (2007). Antecedents of work engagement in a multinational oil company. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 33(3), 49-56.
Piccolo, R. F., & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors:The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327-340.
Ramani. G., & Kumar, V. (2008). Interaction orientation and firm performance. Journal of Marketing, 72(1), 27-45.
Rogers, C. (2007). 칼 로저스의 사람 중심 상담[A way of being]. (오제은 역). 서울: 학지사 (원전은 1980에 출판).
Rosso, B. D., Dekas, K. H., & Wrzesniewski, A. (2010). On the meaning of work: A theoretical integration and review. Research in Organizational Behavior, 30, 91-127.
Rupert, J., Jehn, K. A., Engen, M. L., & Reuver, R. S. M. (2009). Commitment of culture minorities in organizations: Effects of leadership and pressure to conform. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(1), 25-37.
Shacklock, K. (2006). Extended working lives? The meaning of working to older university workers in Australia. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 1-21. http://doi.org/10.1504/IJHRDM.2006. 010392
Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Authur, M. B. (1993). The motivation effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4(4), 577-594.
Smircich, L., & Morgan, G. (1982). Leadership:The management of meaning. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 18(3), 257-273.
Sparks, J. R., & Schenk, J. A. (2001). Explaining the effects of transformational leadership: An investigation on the effects of higher-order motives in multilevel marketing organizations. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 849-869.
Steer, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1991). Motivation and work behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Steger, M. F., Dik, B. J., & Duffy, R. D. (2012). Measuring Meaningful Work The Work and Meaning Inventory(WAMI). Journal of Career Assessment, 20(3), 322-337.
Stephens, C. A. (2016). The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Perceived Supervisor Support on the Relationship Between Teamwork Behaviors and Affective Commitment [On-Line]. Mater’s Theses. 4779. http://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/etd_theses/4779에서2017. 7. 31. 자료 얻음.
Thamrin, H. M. (2012). The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 3(5), 566-572.
Trang, I., Armanu, Sudiro, A., & Noermijati. (2013). Organizational Commitment as Mediation Variable Influence of Work Motivation, Leadership Style and Learning Organization to the Employees Performance. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 7(2), 12-25.
Thite, M. (1999). Identifying key characteristics of technical project leadership. Leadership &Organization Development, 20(5), 253-261.
Van Zyl, L. E., Deacon, E., & Rothmann, S. (2010). Towards happiness: Experience of work-role fit, meaningfulness, and work engagement of industrial/organisational psychologists in South Africa. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology, 36, 1-10.
Waldman, D. A., Bass, B. M., & Yammarino, F. J. (1988). Adding to leader and follower transactions: The augmenting effect of charismatic leadership(Working Paper 86-109). New York:State University of New York.
Wong, P. (2008). Meaning management theory and death acceptance. In A. Tomer, E. Grafton, & P. T. P. Wong(Eds.), Existential and spiritual issues in death attitudes, (pp. 65-87). New York: Erlbaum.
Wiza, M., & Hlanganipai, N. (2014). The Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Organisational Commitment in Higher Learning Institutions. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(4), 135-143.
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., &Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(1), 21-33.
Wrzesniewski, A. (2003). Finding positive meaning in work. in K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn(Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship(296-308). San Francisco, CA:Berrett-Koehler.
Yiing, L. H., & Ahmad, K. Z. (2009). The moderating effects of organizational culture on the relationships between leadership behavior and organizational commitment and between organizational commitment and job satisfaction and performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 30(1), 53-86.
Yukl, G. (2010). Leadership in organizations. NJ:Pearson Prentice Hall.
Zhou, M. (2012). The Factors Effect of Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Organizational Commitment on The Employee’s Job Satisfaction and Job Performance. Master’s thesis, University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce.