여성주의 상담의 개념과 방법에 대해서는 다소의 이견이 존재하나, 꾸준히 적용대상과 영역을 확대하고 발전해 최근의 여성주의 상담은 단지 여성뿐 아니라 남성에게까지 그 영역을 확대하고 있다. 본 고에서는 각종 법률재정 등으로 성인지와 남녀차별에 대한 의식을 가진 여성상담의 필요성이 늘어나는 상황에서 우리보다 앞서 여성주의 상담에 대한 시도를 해온 미국의 현 여성주의 상담의 연구와 적용실제를 보고 우리상담현실에서 적용해볼 부분을 개인상담, 집단상담, 가족상담 그리고 상담자 교육부분에서 살펴보았다. 그에 앞서 여성주의 상담이 기존 백인남성의 정신건강과 질환의 개념으로 형성되어 온 다른 상담접근과 다른 고유한 측면이 있는지, 그리고 효과는 있는지 등의 일반적 질문에 대한 선행연구를 소개하고 현재 각 상담실상황에서 여성주의 상담을 수행하는 실무자들에게 필요한 상담원리와 내용을 소개하였다. 여성주의 상담의 성과는 다른 상담에 비해 자존감을 증진시키고, 삶의 질과 안녕감을 향상시키며, 양성성을 가진 행동의 유연성, 사회변화를 위한 노력을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 집단상담의 경우 여성주의 상담에서 주장하는 독특한 상담효과와 목표인 권한 증진, 의식화 변화등의 효과를 직접적으로 드러내지 못하고 있는 점이 지적되고 있다. 남성들을 대상으로 해서도 여성주의 상담이 성취와 친밀감, 힘과 통제, 정서표현등의 영역에서 유용하다. 개인상담에서 여성주의 상담은 진단 및 평가, 목표수립등에 영향을 주고 있다. 가족상담영역에서도 성(gender)의 렌즈로 보고 가족상담을 개념화하는 것이 중요한데 가족상담에서의 세대의 개념과 동등하게 제일 중요한 개념이다. 상담자교육에서 성인지적 관점, 성감수성훈련, 비성차별적 태도, 젠더이해에 대한 요구가 중요하게 다뤄지고 있다. 여성주의상담과 관련된 쟁점들은 앞으로 관련 주제의 후속연구 논문들을 통해 이론과 실제가 통합되어야 할 것이다. 끝으로 앞으로의 방향에 대한 제언을 덧붙였다.
The science and practice of health care for women provide us with a rich arena for innovative feminist interventions. The possibility of research on the process and effectiveness of feminist practice should not be dismissed. For example, several research studies have found broad, identifiable strategies that are endorsed by most feminist practitioners. Among these are affirming and empowering the client, providing a gender-role perspective, exploring multicultural and gender-role conflicts, modeling social activism, self-disclosing relevant experience, and promoting egalitarian relationships. Further, many of these strategies have been operationalized and taught successfully to novice trainees. As we develop more standardize procedure and diverse measure of feminist principles, it may be feasible to validate our feminist strategies through closely controlled experimental procedures. From a feminist perspective, effectiveness studies provide us with unique opportunities for creative clinician-researcher collaboration. By bringing researchers and practicers together in mutual efforts, our complementary areas of expertise can enrich our methods for exploring therapy effectiveness. Finally, It is need ed to move away from symptom-focused research toward more inclusive variables that will predict personal strength and empowerment, positive thriving, resilience in the face of stress, and maintenance of psychological well-being over time. Symptom-focused practice has been shown to result in immediate relief but high relapse rates. In contrast, it is needed to articulate useful and testable models of the healthy woman in a healthy environment and work toward achieving this goal. It is presented one such model here that provides an example of partnership between practice and research that must remain active, vigorous, and creative.
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