ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구는 상담자 소진에 대한 이해를 촉진하기 위해 기존의 소진 연구들을 전반적으로 리뷰 하였다. 소진은 정서적 고갈, 비개인화, 감소된 개인적 성취감이라는 3가지 요인으로 구성된다는 정의가 가장 일반적으로 받아들여지고 있는데, 이러한 정의 외에 소진의 핵심증상을 중심으로 한 상태정의 및 소진의 변화과정이 중심이 되는 과정정의로 나누어 볼 수도 있다. 더불어, 직무-개인 적합도 모델, 직무요구-자원 모델, 자기평가모델을 중심으로 소진의 발생과정을 설명하고자 하였으며, 소진과 관련한 몇 가지 주제들-다차원 모델에서의 단계모델 대 순차성 모델, 소진개념의 변별성(우울, 스트레스, 이차외상스트레스, 만성피로 증후군)-을 제시하였고, 소진에 영향을 줄 수 있는 다양한 변인들을 개인적 범주와 환경적 범주로 구별하여 제시하였다. 그 중 개인적 범주는 인구 통계학적 변인, 직무 태도변인, 성격변인으로 나뉘고, 환경적 범주는 직무 및 역할특성 변인과 조직 특성변인으로 나누어 설명하였다. 또한 주요 소진 측정도구 및 검토, 소진 연구의 향후 방향에 대해 논의하고 본 고의 의의, 문제점 등을 제시하였다.
This article reviewed previous studies on counselor's burnout to further understand it. Generally, burnout is assumed to include the three sub-factors: (a) emotional exhaustion, (b) depersonalization, and (c) reduced personal accomplishment. The two perspectives on burnout are available about the burnout (i.e., a state or process). Also, there is inconsistency in the factor structure of burnout; whether burnout is either a simple or complex construct. Many studies have been conducted to examine models regarding burnout occurrence. It is not clearly answered if burnout is the distinguished construct from others including depression, stress, secondary traumatic stress, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Given that burnout is discriminate from others, it is necessary to examine variables related to the burnout, burnout inventories, features of burned-out people, and strategies to overcome burnout. Finally, suggestions for future studies are presented.
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