ISSN : 1229-0696
지각된 과잉자격이 대졸 취업자의 자존감과 정신건강에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 종단 연구를 수행하였다. 1차 시점에서 인구통계학적 변인, 자존감 및 정신건강의 기저선을 측정하였고, 약 1년이 경과된 후 취업자의 지각된 과잉자격, 자존감, 그리고 정신건강의 정도를 측정하였다. 1차 시점에서 측정된 자존감 및 정신건강의 기저선을 통제하였을 경우, 지각된 과잉자격이 자존감 및 정신건강에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 미취업 집단을 분석에 포함시켜 과잉上 집단과 과잉下 집단을 비교한 결과, 과잉上 집단과 미취업 집단은 과잉下 집단보다 재학 시(T1)와 졸업 후(T2) 모두 낮은 긍정자존감을 보였고, 높은 부정자존감을 나타냈다. 긍정자존감은 세 집단 모두 T1과 T2간 유의한 차이가 없었고, 과잉下 집단만이 T1보다 T2에서 부정자존감이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 세 집단은 T1 시점에서 GHQ-우울·불안 점수에 차이를 보이지 않았으나, T2 시점에서는 과잉上 집단과 미취업 집단이 과잉下 집단보다 높은 점수를 나타냈다. 과잉上 집단과 미취업 집단은 시간경과 후 GHQ-우울·불안이 더 심해졌고, 과잉下 집단은 GHQ-우울·불안의 수준이 더 낮아졌다. GHQ-부적응의 경우 T1과 T2 시점에서 과잉上 집단과 미취업 집단이 과잉下 집단보다 높은 점수를 보였다. GHQ-부적응은 과잉下 집단만이 시간경과 후에 더 낮아진 것으로 나타났다
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perceived overqualification on self-esteem and mental health by means of 2-wave panel study of college graduates. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the effects of perceived overqualification on self-esteem and mental health. As expected, perceived overqualification had significant effect on self-esteem and mental health. This study included the unemployed to compare with the PO-High(perceived overqualification high) group and the PO-Low(perceived overqualification low) group. The PO-High group and the unemployed were lower than the PO-Low group in level of positive self-esteem and higher in level of negative self-esteem each wave. For all group, there were no difference of positive self-esteem between T1 and T2. For only the PO-Low group, there were decrease of negative self-esteem from T1 to T2. Results revealed no difference among three groups in the score of GHQ depression/anxiety at T1, but the PO-High group and the unemployed had higher score of GHQ depression/anxiety at T2. For the PO-High group and the unemployed, the score of GHQ depression/anxiety increased from T1 to T2. But for the PO-Low group, that score decreased from T1 to T2. In the score of GHQ maladjustment, the PO-High group and the unemployed had higher score than the PO-Low group each wave and only that of the PO-Low group decreased from T1 to T2. The findings support Liem's position(1992) not Jahoda(1981).
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