ISSN : 1229-0696
본 연구는 직장에서 경험하는 긍정 및 부정 정서가 가정으로 파급(spillover)되는 정도와 정서 파급 과정에서 성격 요인(신경증과 외향성) 및 직무만족이 조절효과를 가지는 지를 고찰하였다. 125명의 남녀 직장인들을 대상으로 일상재구성법(DRM)을 통해 연구 참여 전날 경험한 전체 에피소드들과 각 에피소드에서 경험한 긍정, 부정 정서 반응 자료를 수집하였다. 하루 중의 전체 에피소드를 직장과 가정영역으로 구분하여 각 영역에서 긍정 및 부정 정서를 경험한 정도를 계산하였다. 분석 결과, 직장과 가정영역에서의 긍정 및 부정 정서들간의 상관이 유의하게 나와 직장-가정간 정서 파급 효과가 있는 것으로 해석되었다. 부정 정서가 직장에서 가정으로 파급될 때 신경증의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았지만, 긍정 정서가 직장에서 가정으로 파급될 때 외향성이 유의하게 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 직무만족 수준이 높을수록 직장에서 긍정 정서 경험 정도에 따라 가정에서 긍정 정서를 경험하는 수준이 더 많이 영향을 받았다. 이러한 결과는 기질적 특성 및 직무만족 수준에 따라 직장에서의 체험 정서가 가정으로 파급되는 정도가 다를 수 있음을 시사한다.
This study aimed to investigate the spillover of emotions from work to family and the moderating effects of personality factors(extraversion and neuroticism) and job satisfaction. Using the ‘Day Reconstruction Method(DRM)’ that reconstructs the emotions of a day, we collected data concerning every episodes in a day and their concomitant emotions from a sample of 125 Korean working adults. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed the positive relationships of positive and negative emotions at work with those at home, indicating the ‘positive’ and ‘negative’ spillover of emotions from work to family. Furthermore, extraversion and neuroticism had significant moderating effects on the spillover of positive emotion: the spillover of positive emotion from work to family was stronger among extraverts, and weaker among neurotics. Contrary to our expectation, they had no such moderating effects on spillover of negative emotion. Finally, job satisfaction had a significant moderating effect on the spillover of positive affect. Some personality factors and job satisfaction seem to have moderating effects on spillover of positive emotion.
장재윤 (2010). 직무만족과 직무에서 경험하는 정서간의 관계: 빈도 가설과 긍정성 비율 가설의 비교. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23(2), 275-295.
장재윤, 유경, 서은국, 최인철 (2007). 일상재구성법(DRM)을 통해 살펴본 남녀직장인과 주부의 삶의 질. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 21(2), 123-139.
Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. E. (2000). All in a day’s work: Boundaries and micro role transitions. Academy of Management Journal, 25(3), 472-491.
Barnett R. C., Gareis K. C., & Brennan R. T. (1999). Fit as a mediator of the relationship between work hours and burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 74, 967-984.
Blanch, A., & Aluja, A. (2009). Work, family, and personality: A study of work–family conflict. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 520-524.
Brief, A. P., & Weiss, H. M. (2002). Organizational behavior: Affect in the workplace. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 279-307.
Bruck, C. S., & Allen, T. D. (2003). The relationship between big five personality traits, negative affectivity, type A behavior, and work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 457-472.
Eby, L. T., Maher, C. P., & Butts, M. M. (2010). The intersection of work and family life: The role of affect. Annual Review of Psychology, 61(1), 599-622.
Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 178-199.
Evans, P., & Bartolomé, F. (1984). The changing pictures of the relationship between career and family. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 5(1), 9-21.
Fisher, C. D. (2000). Mood and emotions while working: Missing pieces of job satisfaction? Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21(2), 185-202.
Frone, M. R., Barnes, G. M., & Farrell, M. P. (1994). Relationship of work-family conflict to substance use among employed mothers: The role of negative affect. Journal of Marriage and Family, 56(4), 1019-1030.
Goldberg, L. R. (1992). The development of markers for the big-five factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 4(1), 26-42.
Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Motivation and Emotion, 4, 269-288.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88.
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 31, 72-92.
Grzywacz, J. G., & Marks, N. F. (2000). Reconceptualizing the work–family interface: An ecological perspective on the correlates of positive and negative spillover between work and family. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 111-126.
Guelzow, M. G., Bird, G. W., & Koball, E. H. (1991). An exploratory path analysis of the stress process for dual-career men and women. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53(1), 151-164.
Hanson, G. C., Hammer, L. B., & Colton, C. L. (2006). Development and validation of a multidimensional scale of perceived work–family positive spillover. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(3), 249-265.
Heller, D., & Watson, D. (2005). The dynamic spillover of satisfaction between work and marriage: The role of time and mood. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1273-1279.
Horwitz, B. N., Luong, G., & Charles, S. T. (2008). Neuroticism and extraversion share genetic and environmental effects with negative and positive mood spillover in a nationally representative sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 636-642.
Ilies, R., Schwind, K. M., Wagner, D. T., Johnson, M. D., De Rue, D. S., & Ilgen, D. R. (2007). When can employees have a family life? the effects of daily workload and affect on work–family conflict and social behaviors at home. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1368-1379.
Judge, T. A., Hulin, C. L., & Dalal, R. S. (2009). Job satisfaction and job affect. In S. W. J. Kozlowski (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Judge, T. A., & Ilies, R. (2004). Affect and job satisfaction: A study of their relationship at work and at home. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 661-673.
Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D. A., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2004). A survey method for characterizing daily life experience: The day reconstruction method. Science, 306, 1776-1780.
Kando, T. M., & Summers, W. C. (1971). The impact of work on leisure: Toward a paradigm and research strategy. The Pacific Sociological Review, 14(3), 310-327.
Kinnunen, U., Vermulst, A., Gerris, J., & Mäkikangas, A. (2003). Work–family conflict and its relations to well-being: The role of personality as a moderating factor. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(7), 1669-1683.
Kluger, A. N. (1998). Commute variability and strain. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 147-165.
Lambert, S. J. (1990). Processes linking work and family: A critical review and research agenda. Human Relations, 43(3), 239-257.
Larsen, R. J., & Ketelaar, T. (1991). Personality and susceptibility to positive and negative emotional states. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(1), 132-140.
Marco, C. A., & Suls, J. (1993). Daily stress and the trajectory of mood: Spillover, response assimilation, contrast, and chronic negative affectivity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, 1053-1063.
Muraven M., & Baumeister R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126, 247-259.
Nezlek, J. B., & Plesko, R. M. (2003). Affect- and self-based models of relationships between daily events and daily well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(5), 584-596.
Payton-Miyazaki, M., & Brayfield, A. H. (1976). The good job and the good life: Relation of characteristics of employment to general well-being. In A. D. Biderman & T. F. Drury (Eds.), Measuring work quality for social reporting(pp.105-150). Beverly Hills: Sage.
Piotrowski, C. S. (1979). Work and the family system: A naturalistic study of working-class and lower-middle-class families. New York: Free Press.
Ramstad, E., & Woo, J. (2010, 2, 28). South Korean works overtime to tackle vacation package. Wall Street Journal, pp.A-Hed.
Rantanen, J., Kinnunen, U., Feldt, T., & Pulkkinen, L. (2008). Work-family conflict and psychological well-being: Stability and cross-lagged relations within one-and six-year follow-ups. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(1), 37-51.
Rantanen, J., Pulkkinen, L., & Kinnunen, U. (2005). The big five personality dimensions, work-family conflict, and psychological distress: A longitudinal view. Journal of Individual Differences, 26(3), 155-166.
Repetti, R. L. (1987). Linkages between work and family roles. Applied Social Psychology Annual, 7, 98-127.
Repetti, R. L. (1989). Effects of daily workload on subsequent behavior during marital interactions: The roles of social withdrawal and spouse support. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 651-659.
Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative Science Quarterly, 46, 655-684.
Small, S. A., & Riley, D. (1990). Toward a multidimensional assessment of work spillover into family life. Journal of Marriage and Family, 52(1), 51-61.
Song, Z., Foo, M., & Uy, M. A. (2008). Mood spillover and crossover among dual-earner couples: A cell phone event sampling study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 443-452.
Staines, G. (1980). Spillover versus compensation: A review of the literature on the relationship between work and nonwork. Human Relations, 33, 111-129.
Stanley, R. O,, & Burrows, G. (2001). Varieties and functions of human emotions. In R. L. Payne & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Emotions at work: Theory, research and applications in management(pp.3-19). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Suls, J., & Martin, R. (2005). The daily life of the garden-variety neurotic: Reactivity, stressor exposure, mood spillover, and maladaptive coping. Journal of Personality, 73, 1485-1510.
Sumer, H. C., & Knight, P. A. (2001). How do people with different attachment styles balance work and family? A personality perspective on work-family linkage, Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 653-663.
Voydanoff, P. (1988). Work role characteristics, family structure demands, and Work/Family conflict. Journal of Marriage and Family, 50(3), 749-761.
Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Hudy, M. J. (1997). Overall job satisfaction: How good are single-item measures? Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 247-252.
Watson, D. (2000). Mood and temperament. New York: Guilford.
Wayne, J. H., Musisca, N., & Fleeson, W. (2004). Considering the role of personality in the work–family experience: Relationships of the big five to work-family conflict and facilitation. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 64(1), 108-130.
Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs, and affective experiences. Human Resources Management Review, 12, 173-194.
Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, causes, and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1-74.
White, M. P., Dolan, P. (2009). Accounting for the richness of daily activities. Psychological Science, 20(8), 1000-1008.
Williams, K. J., & Alliger, G. M. (1994). Role stressors, mood spillover, and perceptions of work-family conflict in employed parents. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 837-868.
Zedeck, S. (1992). Work, families, and organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
