open access
메뉴ISSN : 1229-0696
The purpose of this study was to examine the particular influences of sub-constructs of emotional intelligence which was based on the framework of Lazarus & Folkman's(1984) stress transactional model. Thus, the mediating, moderating, and mediated moderating effects was tested based on Shaufeli & Bakker's(2004) Job Demand-Resource Model in a sample of 308 hotel service employees. First, the result of mediation tests indicates that the ability to percept emotions(APE) predicts emotional labor strategy through display rule significantly. Second, the result of moderation tests, however, indicates that the ability to use emotions foster the path which was display rule about expressing positive emotion(EPE) to deep acting(DA) only. Third, testing the mediated moderation hypothesis using the technique was developed by Preacher et al.'s(2009), the result indicates that just one of two conditional indirect effect, APE to DA through EPE depends on several AUE levels, was significantly. And the simple slopes of significant conditional indirect effect with 95% of confidence interval by bootstrapping method was depicted. Finally, the implications and limitations were discussed.
노혜미, 유태용, 신강현 (2007). 정서지능과 정서노동 전략이 직무관련 태도에 미치는 영향: 개인적 성취감의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 20(4), 529-550.
백승근, 신강현, 한영석 (2010). 조직의 정서표현규칙이 종업원의 직무태도에 미치는 영향: 정서노동 전략의 맥효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23(1), 27-51.
이랑, 김완석, 신강현 (2006). 직무탈진과 직무열의의 요구-자원 모델에서 정서노동전략의 역할: 콜센터 상담원을 대상으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 19(4), 573-596.
탁진국. (2007). 성별과 직급에 따른 정서지능의 차이와 정서지능과 직무스트레스 및 스트레스 대처양식과의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 12(2), 307-324.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions. Sage: Lodon New Delhi.
Austin, E. J., Dore, T. C. P., & O'Donovan, K. M. (2008). Associations of personality and emotional intelligence with display rule perceptions and emotional labour. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(3), 679-688.
Ashforth, B. E., & Humphrey, R. H. (1993). Emotional labor in service roles: The influence of identity, Academy of Management Review, 18, 88-115.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Barger, P. B., & Grandey, A. A. (2006). Service with a smile and encounter satisfaction: Emotional contagion and appraisal mechanisms. The Academy of Management Journal, 49(6), 1229-1238.
Baumeister, R., Bratslavsky, E., Muraven, M., & Tice, D. (1998). Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1252-1265.
Beal, D. J., Weiss, H. M., Barros, E., & MacDermid, S. M. (2005). An Episodic Process Model of Affective Influences on Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1054-1068.
Bollen, K. A., & Stine, R. (1990). Direct and indirect effects: Classical and bootstrap estimates of variability. Sociological Methodology, 20, 115-140.
Brotheridge, C. M., & Lee, R. T. (2002). Testing a conservation of resources model of the dynamics of emotional labor. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7, 55-67.
Callahan, J. L., & McCollum, E. E. (2002). Conceptualizations of emotion research in organizational contexts. In J. Callahan (Eds.), Perspectives of emotion and organizational change (pp.4-21). Advances in Developing Human Resources: Sage.
Cherniss, C., & Goleman, D. (2001). Implementing emtional intelligence programs in organizations. In C. Chrniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent work place, (pp.286-304). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Clark, M. S., Pataki, S. P., & Carver, V. H. (1996). Some thoughts and findings on self-presentation of emotions in relationships. In G. J. O. Fletcher & J. Fitness(Eds.), Knowledge strucres in close relationships: A social psychological approach, (pp.247-274). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Collins, R. (1981). On the microfoundations of macrosociology. American Journal of Sociology, 86, 984-1014.
Conte, J. M. (2005). A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26(4), 433-440.
Cote, S., & Morgan, L. M. (2002). A longitudinal analysis of the association between emotion regulation, job satisfaction, and intention to quit. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23(8), 947-962.
Decy, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). The general causality orientation scale: Self-determination in personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 109-134.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands -resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 499-512.
Diefendorff, J. M., Croyle, M. H., & Gosserand, R. (2005). The dimensionality and antecedents of emotional labor strategies. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66(2), 339-357.
Diefendorff, J. M., & Gosserand, R. (2003). Understanding the emotional labor process: A control theory perspective. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 945-959.
Diefendorff, J. M., & Richard, E. (2003). Antecedents and consequences of emotional display rule perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 284-294.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1975). Unmasking the face: A guie to recognizing emotions from facial clues. (Eds.) New Jersey: Prentice Hail.
Fineman, S. (2000). Emotional textures. (Eds.) Emotion in organizations, (pp.25-45). Sage.
Foo, M. D., Elfenbein, H. A., Tan, H. H., & Aik, V. C. (2004). Emotional intelligence and negotiation: The tension between creating and claiming value. International Journal of Conflict Management, 15, 411-429.
Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books.
Goldberg, L. S., & Grandey, A. A. (2007). Display Rules Versus Display Autonymy: Emotion Regulation, Emotinal Exhaustion, and Task Performance in a Call Center Simulation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(3), 301-318.
Grandey, A. (2000). Emotion regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 95-110.
Grandey, A. (2003). When “the show must go on”: Surface and deep acting as predictors of emotional exhaustion and service delivery. Academy of Management Journal, 46, 86-96.
Harker, L. A., & Keltner, D. (2001). Expressions of Positive in Women's College Yearbook Pictures and Their Relationship to Personality and Life Outcomes Across Adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(1), 112-124.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1988). The Ecology of Stress. New York: Hemisphere.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524.
Hobfoll, S. E. & Shirom, A. (1993). Stress and burnout in the workplace: Conservation of resources. Handbook of organizational behavior, 41-61. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Hochschild, A. (1979). Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure. The American Journal of Sociology, 85(3), 551-575.
Hochschild, A. (1983). The managed heart: Commercialization of human feeling, Berkeley: University of California Press.
House R. J., & Mitchell, T. R. (1974). Path-goal theory of leadership. Journal of Contemporary Business, 3, 81-97.
Johnson, H. M., & Spector, P. E. (2007). Service With a Smile: Do Emotional Intelligence, Gender, and Autonomy Moderate the Emotional Labor Process? Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12(4), 319-333.
Johnson, P. O., & Neyman, J. (1936). Tests of certain linear hypotheses and their applications to some educational problems, Statistical Research Memoirs, 1, 57-93.
Joseph, D. L., & Newman, D. A. (2010). Emotional intelligence: An integrative meta -analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(1), 54-78.
Karasek, R. A. (1979). Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24(2), 285-308.
Law, K. S., Wong, C. S., & Mobley, W. H. (1998). Toward a taxonomy of multidimensional constructs. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 741-755.
Law, K. S., Wong. C. S., & Song, L. J. (2004). The construct and criterion validity of emotional intelligence and its potential utility for management studies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483-496.
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Liu, Y., Prati, L. M., Perrewe, P. L., & Ferris, G. R. (2008). The Relationship Bewteen Emotional Resources and Emotional Labor: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(10), 2410-2439.
Lockwood, C. M., & MacKinnon, D. P. (1998). Bootstrapping the standard error of the mediated effect. Proceedings of the 23rd annual meeting of SAS Users Group International(pp.997-1002). Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
Lopes, P. N., Brackett, M., Schutz, A., Sellin, I., Nezlek, J., & Salovey, P. (2004). Emotional intelligence and daily social interactions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1018-1034.
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., & Williams, J. (2004). Confidence limits for the indirect effect: Distribution of the product and resampling methods. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 99-128.
Maslach, C, Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory, Manual(3rd ed.), Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Matthews, G., Zeidner, M., & Roberts, R., D. (2004). Emotional Intelligence: Science & Myth. MIT press.
Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? New York: Basic Books.
Mayer, J. D., Salovey, P., & Caruso, D. R. (2000). Emotional intelligence as zeitgeist, as personality, and as a mental ability. In R. Bar-On & J. Parker (Eds.), The handbook of emotional intelligence(pp.92-117). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Meijman, T. F., & Mulder, G. (1998). Psychological aspects of workload. In P. J. D. Drenth, & H. Thierry (Eds.), Handbook of work and organizational psychology: Work psychology(Vol. 2, pp.5-33). Hove, U. K.: Psychology Press.
Mikolajczak, M., Menil, C., & Luminet, O. (2007). Explaining the protective effect of trait emotional intelligence regarding occupational stress: Exploration of emotional labour precesses. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 1107-1117.
Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. (2000). Self -regulation and depletion of limited resource: Does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126, 247-259.
Nowotny, H. (1981). Women in public life in Austria. In C. Epstein & R. Coser (Eds.), Access to power: Cross-national studies of women and elites (pp.145-158). London: Allen & Unwin.
Opengart, R. (2005). Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Work: Examining Constructs From an Interdisciplinary Framework. Human Resource Development Review, 4(1), 49-62.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS Procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 717-731.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymtotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227.
Pugh, S. D. (2001). Service with a smile: Emotional contagion in the service encounter. Academy of Management Journal, 44(5), 1018-1027.
Rafaeli, A. (1989). When Cashiers meet customers: An analysis of the role of supermarket cashiers. Academy of Management Journal, 32(2), 245-273.
Rafaeli, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1987). The expression of emotion as part of the work role. Academy of Management Review, 12, 23-37.
Rafaeli, A., & Sutton, R. I. (1990). Busy stores and Demanding Customers: How do they affect the display of positive emotion? Academy of Management Journal, 33(3), 623-637.
Richards, J. M., & Gross, J. J. (1999). Composure at any cost? The cognitive consequences of emotion suppression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1033-1044.
Richter, P., & Hacker, W. (1998). Belastung und Beanspruchung, Stress, Ermu dung und Burnout im Arbeitsleben. Heidelberg: Asanger.
Salovey, P., & Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 185-211.
Schaubroeck, J., & Jones, J. R. (2000). Antecedents of workplace emotional labor dimensions and moderators of their effects on physical symptoms. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 163-183.
Schaufeli, W. B. & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25, 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Salanova, M. (2005). An emerging psychological concept and its implications for organizations. Research in Social Issues in Management(Vol. 5): Managing Social and Ethical Issues in Organizations. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishers.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7, 422-445.
Sternberg, S. (1998). Discovering mental Processing Stages: The Method of Additive Factors. In D. Scarborough, S. Sternberg, & D.N. Osherson.(Eds.) An Invitation to Cognitive Science 2nd, vol. 4, (pp.703-863).
Thorndike, E. L. (1920). Intelligence and its uses. Harper's Magazine, 140, 227-235.
Wegner, D. M., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic processes in the mental control of mood and mood related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093-1104.
Wolff, S. B., Pescosolido, A. T., & Druskat, V. U. (2002). Emotional intelligence as the basis of leadership emergence in self-managing teams. Leadership Quarterly, 13, 505-522.
Wong, C., Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on attitudes and performance: An exploratory study. Leadership Quarterly, 13, 243-274.