본 연구는 조직구성원의 문화성향을 수평-개인주의, 수직-개인주의, 수평-집단주의, 그리고 수직-집단주의로 구분하고 측정한 후, 각 문화성향의 점수에 따라 조직지원인식(POS)이 조직시민행동(OCB)의 두 차원인 개별성원 지향 조직시민행동(OCBI)과 조직전체 지향 조직시민행동(OCBO)에 어떠한 방식으로 영향을 미치는지 검증하였다. 본 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, OCB를 두 차원으로 구분하여 문화성향과의 관련성을 살펴본 결과, 선행 연구결과와 달리 수평/수직-개인주의 성향 점수가 높은 경우에도 수평/수직-집단주의 성향 점수가 높은 경우와 마찬가지로 OCBO 수행과 유의한 정적 관련성을 보였다. 둘째, 수직-개인주의 성향과 OCBI 사이의 관계, 그리고 수평-개인주의 성향과 OCBI/OCBO 사이의 관계를 제외한 문화성향에서 POS는 OCB에 대한 문화성향의 영향을 조절하기 보다는 부분적으로 매개하였다. 이러한 결과는 문화성향의 유형에 따라 OCBI/OCBO의 양상이 달라질 수 있다는 것과, OCBI/OCBO에 대한 문화성향의 효과가 조직구성원의 POS 수준에 따라 문화성향별로 차별적으로 조절되기보다는 대부분의 문화성향에서 POS를 매개로 OCBI/OCBO에 영향을 준다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구의 함의와 향후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cultural orientations (horizontal/vertical -individualism/collectivism) and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBI or OCBO). Levels of perceived organizational support (POS) was treated and evaluated as a moderator or a mediator. Data were collected based on a survey from 385 workers of various organizations. Correlation analysis for relationship between variables, hierarchical regression analysis for moderation effect of POS, and a series of simple regression analysis for mediation effect of POS were performed. The results showed the followings. First, except for OCBI, all types of cultural orientation appeared to relate to OCBO. Second, horizontal- individualism showed no indication of POS, resulted in a non-significant mediating effect on the relationship between horizontal-individualism and OCBI/OCBO. Third, except for the significant moderating effect of POS in the relationship between vertical-collectivism and OCBO, POS was found to have partial mediating effects on the relationship between cultural orientation-OCB. Limitations and further research consideration were discussed.
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