ISSN : 1229-0696
The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of ROK Army junior leader’s relationship conflict and fear of negative evaluation (FNE) on defensive silence and to specifically examine the mediating effect of FNE on the relationship between relationship conflict and defensive silence. The secondary purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of collective self-esteem (CSE) on the relationship between FNE and defensive silence and the moderated mediating effect of CSE on the conditional direct effect of FNE. A total of 202 ROK Army junior leaders participated in this survey and we measured relationship conflict, FNE, defensive silence, and CSE. Using IBM SPSS 21.0 program, results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that relationship conflict was positively related to FNE and FNE was positively related to defensive silence. FNE partially mediated the relationship between relationship conflict and defensive silence. Also, the moderating effect of CSE on the relationship between FNE and defensive silence was significant, suggesting that the relationship between FNE and defensive silence was stronger when CSE was low than high. Additionally, the moderated mediating effect was significant, suggesting that CSE moderated the mediating effect of FNE on the relationship between relationship conflict and defensive silence. Lastly, the results, implications, limitations, and future research directions of this study were discussed.
강종수 (2013). 병사들의 레질리언스가 군 생활 적응에 미치는 영향. 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 13(1), 278-286.
고대유, 강제상, 김광구 (2015). 공공조직의 침묵현상이 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 조직냉소주의를 통한 자기효능감의 조절된 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국행정학보, 49(1), 1-28.
국가인권위원회 (2016. 1. 25). 인권위, 7개 군부대 직권조사 결과 발표, 국방부에 권고.
권누리, 탁진국 (2015). 개인특성이 발언행동 유형에 미치는 영향: 조직신뢰의 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 28(4), 565-589.
김민선, 서영석 (2009). 평가염려 완벽주의와 사회불안의 관계: 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움과 자기제시동기의 매개효과 검증. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 28(3), 525-545.
김성우 (2014). 육군부사관의 근무환경과 승진이 자기효능감에 미치는 영향-계급별 다중집단분석을 중심으로. 대한정치학회보, 22(4), 350-373.
김정은, 손정락 (2012). 수용전념치료가 평가염려 완벽주의적 대학생들의 평가염려 완벽주의, 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움, 경험 회피 및 자기효능감에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 31(3), 749-771.
김지경, 박수애, 이훈구 (1999). 개인자아존중감과 집단지위가 집단자아존중감에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 13(1), 53-64.
김화영, 박기환 (2015). 부정적 및 긍정적 평가에 대한 두려움과 사회불안의 관계에서 재확인 추구의 매개효과. 인지행동치료, 15(1), 137-153.
박승일, 이동귀 (2014). 군(軍) 초급간부의 직무만족, 직무스트레스, 분노표현, 우울, 무망감이 자살생각에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 26(2), 545-573.
박용두, 이기학 (2008). 사회적 지지, 자존감, 진로포부 간의 성차 모형 검증: 개인자존감과 집단자존감의 매개역할. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 13(3), 263-282.
박현선, 정현선, 박동건 (2015). 상사의 비인격적 감독과 과업수행 수준의 상호작용이 종업원의 조직 냉소주의에 미치는 영향: 종업원 침묵을 통한 상사의 과업수행 수준의 매개된 조절효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 28(2), 225-248.
배병렬 (2015). 조절효과 및 매개효과 분석. 서울: 도서출판 청람.
설경옥, 임정임 (2013). 청소년동반자의 직무환경 스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 집단자존감과 소명의식의 매개효과 연구. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 25(2), 187-201.
심윤기, 김완일 (2014). 군 병사의 자기복잡성과 심리적 디스트레스의 관계: 개인자존감과 집단자존감의 매개효과. 상담학연구, 15(6), 2667-2685.
이다원, 이선희, 한 민 (2014). 직장 내 갈등경험의 과정에 대한 탐색적 연구. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 20(3), 205-233.
이정윤, 최정훈 (1997). 한국판 사회공포증 척도(K-SAD, K-FNE)의 신뢰도 및 타당도 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 16(2), 251-264.
이주원, 나동석 (2013). 군 복무 스트레스와 사회적 지지가 군대 문화적응 능력에 미치는 영향. 청소년학연구, 20(6), 29-48.
이준호, 박지환 (2011). 집단 내 갈등과 이직의도의 관계에서 직무만족의 매개효과: 한국과 중국 종업원들의 공통점과 차이점. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 24(1), 75-102.
임정인, 손영우 (2016). 군 초급간부의 관계갈등이 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 방어적 침묵과 소명의식의 조절된 매개효과. 인적자원관리연구, 23(1), 303-321.
정현선 (2013). 침묵과 발언 행동의 변별성: 측정모형 비교 및 침묵행동의 증분 설명력. 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제, 19(1), 1-17.
정현선, 박동건 (2013). 종업원 침묵의 전염. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 26(1), 73- 101.
정현선, 하헌경, 박동건 (2010). 조직침묵이 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 조직냉소주의를 통한 자기효능감의 매개된 조절효과. 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 23(1), 89-104.
최석봉, 정미영, 문재승 (2013). 요양보호사의 직무특성이 스트레스에 미치는 영향: 관계갈등 및 과업갈등의 조절효과. 인적자원관리연구, 20(2), 193-213.
한국일보 (2016. 1. 25). 윤 일병 동료 37% “구타, 가혹행위 알고도 침묵”.
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Atlas, G. D. (1994). Sensitivity to criticism: A new measure of responses to everyday criticisms. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 12, 241-253.
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
Cassidy, C., O’Connor, R. C., Howe, C., & Warden, D. (2004). Perceived discrimination and psychological distress: The role of personal and ethnic self-esteem. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 329-339.
Crocker, J., & Luhtanen, R. (1990). Collective self-esteem and ingroup bias. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(1), 60-67.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Van Vianen, A. E. (2001). Managing relationship conflict and the effectiveness of organizational teams. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22(3), 309-328.
De Dreu, C. K. W., & Weingart, R. L. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 741-749.
Dyne, L. V., Ang, S., & Botero, I. C. (2003). Conceptualizing employee silence and employee voice as multidimensional constructs. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1359-1392.
De Wit, F. R., Greer, L. L., & Jehn, K. A. (2012). The paradox of intragroup conflict: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 360-390.
Frone, M. R. (2000). Interpersonal conflict at work and psychological outcomes: Testing a model among young workers. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 246-255.
Grant, A. M. (2013). Rocking the boat but keeping it steady: The role of emotion regulation in employee voice. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1703-1723.
Hanby, M. S. R., Fales, J., Nangle, D. W., Serwik, A. K., & Hedrich, U. J. (2012). Social anxiety as a predictor of dating aggression, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(10), 1867-1888.
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press.
Hayes, A. F., & Matthes, J. (2009). Computational procedures for probing interactions in OLS and logistic regression: SPSS and SAS implementations. Behavior Research Methods, 41(3), 924-936.
Jarymowicz, M., & Bar‐Tal, D. (2006). The dominance of fear over hope in the life of individuals and collectives. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36(3), 367-392.
Jehn, K. A. (1995). A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(2), 256-282.
Jehn, K. A. (1997). A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 530-557.
Jehn, K. A., & Bendersky, C. (2003). Intragroup conflict in organizations: A contingency perspective on the conflict-outcome relationship. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 187-242.
Jehn, K. A., & Mannix, E. A. (2001). The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 238-251.
Kiewitz, C., Restubog, S. L. D., Shoss, M. K., Garcia, P. R. J. M., & Tang, R. L. (2016). Suffering in silence: Investigating the role of fear in the relationship between abusive supervision and defensive silence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(5), 731-742.
Leary, M. R. (1983). A brief version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 9(3), 371-375.
Leary, M. R., Rapp, S. R., Herbst, K. C., Exum, M. L., & Feldman, S. R. (1998). Interpersonal concerns and psychological difficulties of psoriasis patients: Effects of disease severity and fear of negative evaluation. Health psychology, 17(6), 530-536.
Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(3), 302-318.
Madrid, H. P., Patterson, M. G., & Leiva, P. I. (2015). Negative core affect and employee silence: How differences in activation, cognitive rumination, and problem solving demands matter. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(6), 1887-1898.
Maynes, T. D., & Pdosakoff, P. M. (2013). Speaking more broadly: An examination of the nature, antecedents, and consequences of an expanded set of employee voice behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(1), 1-26.
Milliken, F. J., Morrison, E. W., & Hewlin, P. F. (2003). An exploratory study of employee silence: Issues that employees don’t communicate upward and why. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 1453-1476.
Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav., 1(1), 173-197.
Morrison, E. W., & Milliken, F. J. (2000). Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Academy of Management Review, 25(4), 706-725.
Muller, D., Judd, C. M., & Yzerbyt, V. Y. (2005). When moderation is mediated and mediation is moderated. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 852-863.
Pinder, C. C., & Harlos, K. P. (2001). Employee silence: quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 20, 331-370.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing moderated mediation hypotheses: Theory, methods, and prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185-227.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental Studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445.
Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33(1), 1-39.
Vakola, M., & Bouradas, D. (2005). Antecedents and consequences of organisational silence: An empirical investigation. Employee Relations, 27(5), 441-458.
Wall, V. D., & Nolan, L. L. (1986). Perceptions of inequity, satisfaction, and conflict in task-oriented groups. Human Relations, 39(11), 1033-1051.
Watson, D., & Friend, R. (1969). Measurement of social-evaluative anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 33(4), 448-457.
Weeks, J. W., Heimberg, R. G., Fresco, D. M., Hart, T. A., Turk, C. L., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2005). Empirical validation and psychometric evaluation of the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 17(2), 179-190.
