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본 연구에서는 청소년의 불안정 애착 중 어떤 유형의 애착이 문제행동(우울/불안, 비행, 공격성)에 더 많은 영향을 미치는지를 확인하고, 이들과 문제행동(우울/불안, 비행, 공격성)과의 관계에서 공감능력이 조절역할을 하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 경남 창원 및 마산시 소재 6개 학교 28개 학급 남녀 고등학교 학생 842명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 주요한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년의 애착불안과 애착회피가 우울/불안 수준에 정적인 영향을 미치며, 애착불안이 애착회피보다 이들의 우울/불안 수준에 더 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 불안정 애착(애착불안, 애착회피)의 영향력을 통제한 후에도 공감능력이 청소년의 우울/불안 수준에 정적인 영향을 미치고, 비행 수준에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 애착불안과 비행과의 관계에서 공감능력의 조절효과가 나타났다. 본 연구는 불안정 애착이 청소년 문제행동의 위험요인으로, 공감능력이 청소년 비행의 보호요인으로 작용할 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 애착불안이 청소년 비행에 미치는 부정적 영향을 억제시킬 수 있는 보호적 기능이 공감능력에 있음을 밝혔다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.
This study examined the relationships between adolescents' insecure attachments, empathic ability and problem behaviors. It also explored the moderating effect of empathic ability on problem behaviors. A questionnaire was administered to 846 high school students from six high schools in Masan and Changwon, Attachment anxiety had an influences on internalized problem behaviors to a greater degree than attachment avoidance. Even when controlling the influence on insecure attachment, empathic ability had a number of negative influences on internalized problem behaviors. However, it had a number of positive influences on externalized problem behaviors. Empathic ability moderated the relationship between attachment anxiety and juvenile delinquency in a positive manner. In conclusion, this study may have a significant impact in that it to a great extent proves that empathic ability plays an important role as a protective factor in reducing juvenile delinquency.
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