바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

Korean Journal of Psychology: General

The Ways that Testosterone Affects Approach/Avoidance

Korean Journal of Psychology: General / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2017, v.36 no.2, pp.161-187
https://doi.org/10.22257/kjp.2017.06.36.2.161

Abstract

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the way that testosterone influences behavioral approach or avoidance. This is probably because testosterone is believed to be the neurophysiological mechanisms of addiction associated with motivational imbalance and interindividual variation in other risky behaviors. Thus, this study reviewed recent literature regarding ways that testosterone affects approach or avoidance in terms of behavior and neurophysiology and discussed the implications of their findings. With regard to behavior, testosterone increases approach tendency and decreases avoidance tendency by regulating emotional responses to social threat stimuli. In terms of neurophysiology, testosterone increases behavioral approach and decreases avoidance tendency by mediating reward system or regulating motivational system and physiological response to threat stimuli. Furthermore, the findings of exogenous testosterone treatment provide insight that emotional function and behavioral approach/avoidance can be influenced by small change in testosterone levels.

keywords
테스토스테론, 동기체계, 보상시스템, 접근/회피, 사회적 위협, testosterone, motivational system, reward system, approach/avoidance, social threat.

Reference

1.

심경옥, 전우영 (2014). 손가락의 사회심리학:2D:4D와 사회적 행동의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 28, 1-21.

2.

심경옥, 전우영 (2015). 테스토스테론과 중독. 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 27, 321-353.

3.

Aarts, H., & Van Honk, J. (2009). Testosterone and unconscious positive priming increase human motivation separately. Neuroreport, 20, 1300-1303.

4.

Aikey, J. L., Nyby, J. G., Anmuth, D. M., & James, P. J. (2002). Testosterone rapidly reduces anxiety in male house mice (Mus musculus). Hormones and Behavior, 42, 448-460.

5.

Alcaro, A., Huber, R., & Panksepp, J. (2007). Behavioral functions of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system: an affective neuroethological perspective. Brain Research Reviews, 56, 283-321.

6.

Archer, J. (2006). Testosterone and human aggression: an evaluation of the challenge hypothesis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30, 319-345.

7.

Arias-Carrión, Ó., & Pöppel, E. (2007). Dopamine, learning, and reward-seeking behavior. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 67, 481-488.

8.

Arnold, A. P. (2009). The organizational–activational hypothesis as the foundation for a unified theory of sexual differentiation of all mammalian tissues. Hormones and Behavior, 55, 570-578.

9.

Barrett, E. S., Tran, V., Thurston, S., Jasienska, G., Furberg, A. S., Ellison, P. T., & Thune, I. (2013). Marriage and motherhood are associated with lower testosterone concentrations in women. Hormones and Behavior, 63, 72-79.

10.

Beaver, J. D., Lawrence, A. D., Passamonti, L., & Calder, A. J. (2008). Appetitive motivation predicts the neural response to facial signals of aggression. The Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 2719-2725.

11.

Beaver, J. D., Lawrence, A. D., van Ditzhuijzen, J., Davis, M. H., Woods, A., & Calder, A. J. (2006). Individual differences in reward drive predict neural responses to images of food. The Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 5160-5166.

12.

Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Damasio, A. R., & Lee, G. P. (1999). Different contributions of the human amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex to decision-making. The Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 5473-5481.

13.

Boissy, A., & Bouissou, M. F. (1994). Effects of androgen treatment on behavioral and physiological responses of heifers to feareliciting situations. Hormones and Behavior, 28, 66-83.

14.

Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Sabatinelli, D., & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation II: sex differences in picture processing. Emotion, 1, 300-319.

15.

Buss, D. M. (2004). Evolutionary Psychology: the new science of the mind. Pearson Education, Inc.

16.

Calder, A. J., Ewbank, M., & Passamonti, L. (2011). Personality influences the neural responses to viewing facial expressions of emotion. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 1684-1701.

17.

Carre, J. M., McCormick, C. M., & Hariri, A. R. (2011). The social neuroendocrinology of human aggression. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36, 935-944.

18.

Carver, C. S. (2004). Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system. Emotion, 4, 3-22.

19.

Carver, C. S., & Harmon-Jones, E. (2009). Anger is an approach-related affect: evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 183-204.

20.

Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 319.

21.

Chambers, R. A., Taylor, J. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2003). Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: a critical period of addiction vulnerability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 1041-1052.

22.

Cooper, M. L., Agocha, V. B., & Sheldon, M. S. (2000). A motivational perspective on risky behaviors: The role of personality and affect regulatory processes. Journal of Personality, 68, 1059-1088.

23.

Cornell, D. G., Warren, J., Hawk, G., Stafford, E., Oram, G., & Pine, D. (1996). Psychopathy in instrumental and reactive violent offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 783-790.

24.

de Souza Silva, M. A., Mattern, C., Topic, B., Buddenberg, T. E., & Huston, J. P. (2009). Dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in neostriatum and nucleus accumbens enhanced by intranasal administration of testosterone. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 19, 53-63.

25.

Derntl, B., Windischberger, C., Robinson, S., Kryspin-Exner, I., Gur, R. C., Moser, E., & Habel, U. (2009). Amygdala activity to fear and anger in healthy young males is associated with testosterone. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 687-693.

26.

Dimberg, U., & Öhman, A. (1996). Behold the wrath: Psychophysiological responses to facial stimuli. Motivation and Emotion, 20, 149-182.

27.

DiMeo, A. N., & Wood, R. I. (2004). Circulating androgens enhance sensitivity to testosterone self-administration in male hamsters. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 79, 383-389.

28.

Dougherty, D. D., Rauch, S. L., Deckersbach, T., Marci, C., Loh, R., Shin, L. M., ..., & Fava, M. (2004). Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala Dysfunction During an AngerInduction Positron Emission Tomography Study in Patients With Major DepressiveDisorder With Anger Attacks. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 795-804.

29.

Fernández-Guasti, A., & Martínez-Mota, L. (2005). Anxiolytic-like actions of testosterone in the burying behavior test: role of androgen and GABA-benzodiazepine receptors. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 30, 762-770.

30.

Fernie, G., Cole, J. C., Goudie, A. J., & Field, M. (2010). Risk-taking but not response inhibition or delay discounting predict alcohol consumption in social drinkers. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 112, 54-61.

31.

Forbes, E. E., Ryan, N. D., Phillips, M. L., Manuck, S. B., Worthman, C. M., Moyles, D. L., ..., & Dahl, R. E. (2010). Healthy adolescents' neural response to reward:associations with puberty, positive affect, and depressive symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49, 162-172.

32.

Franken, I. H. (2002). Behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity predicts alcohol craving. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 349-355.

33.

Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition &Emotion, 4, 269-288.

34.

Gray, P. B., Kahlenberg, S. M., Barrett, E. S., Lipson, S. F., & Ellison, P. T. (2002). Marriage and fatherhood are associated with lower testosterone in males. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 193-201.

35.

Handa, R. J., Nunley, K. M., Lorens, S. A., Louie, J. P., McGivern, R. F., & Bollnow, M. R. (1994). Androgen regulation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone secretion in the male rat following novelty and foot shock stressors. Physiology & Behavior, 55, 117-124.

36.

Harmon-Jones, E. (2003). Anger and the behavioral approach system. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 995-1005.

37.

Harmon-Jones, E. (2007). Trait anger predicts relative left frontal cortical activation to anger-inducing stimuli. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 66, 154-160.

38.

Harmon-Jones, E., & Peterson, C. K. (2008). Effect of trait and state approach motivation on aggressive inclinations. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1381-1385.

39.

Harmon-Jones, E., Sigelman, J., Bohlig, A., & Harmon-Jones, C. (2003). Anger, coping, and frontal cortical activity: The effect of coping potential on anger-induced left frontal activity. Cognition & Emotion, 17, 1-24.

40.

Hermans, E. J., Bos, P. A., Ossewaarde, L., Ramsey, N. F., Fernández, G., & Van Honk, J. (2010). Effects of exogenous testosterone on the ventral striatal BOLD response during reward anticipation in healthy women. Neuroimage, 52, 277-283.

41.

Hermans, E. J., Putman, P., Baas, J. M., Gecks, N. M., Kenemans, J. L., & Van Honk, J. (2007). Exogenous testosterone attenuates the integrated central stress response in healthy young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 32, 1052-1061.

42.

Hermans, E. J., Putman, P., Baas, J. M., Koppeschaar, H. P., & Van Honk, J. (2006). A single administration of testosterone reduces fear-potentiated startle in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 59, 872-874.

43.

Hermans, E. J., Ramsey, N. F., & van Honk, J. (2008). Exogenous testosterone enhances responsiveness to social threat in the neural circuitry of social aggression in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 63, 263-270.

44.

Horgan, R., & Hogan, J. (1991). Personality and status. In D. G. Gilbert & J. J. Connolly (Eds.), Personality, Social Skills, and Psychopathology: An Individual Differences Approach (pp.137-154). New York: Plenum Press.

45.

Kuhn, C., Johnson, M., Thomae, A., Luo, B., Simon, S. A., Zhou, G., & Walker, Q. D. (2010). The emergence of gonadal hormone influences on dopaminergic function during puberty. Hormones and Behavior, 58, 122-137.

46.

Lenz, B., Frieling, H., Jacob, C., Heberlein, A., Kornhuber, J., Bleich, S., & Hillemacher, T. (2010). The modulating effect of the androgen receptor on craving in alcohol withdrawal of men is partially mediated by leptin. The Pharmacogenomics Journal, 10, 226-231.

47.

Lenz, B., Müller, C. P., Stoessel, C., Sperling, W., Biermann, T., Hillemacher, T., ..., & Kornhuber, J. (2012). Sex hormone activity in alcohol addiction: integrating organizational and activational effects. Progress in Neurobiology, 96, 136-163.

48.

Lombardo, M. V., Ashwin, E., Auyeung, B., Chakrabarti, B., Lai, M. C., Taylor, K., ..., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2012). Fetal programming effects of testosterone on the reward system and behavioral approach tendencies in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 72, 839-847.

49.

Mazur, A., & Booth, A. (1998). Testosterone and dominance in men. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 21, 353-363.

50.

Mehta, P. H., & Josephs, R. A. (2006). Testosterone change after losing predicts the decision to compete again. Hormones and Behavior, 50, 684-692.

51.

Millet, K., & Dewitte, S. (2009). The presence of aggression cues inverts the relation between digit ratio (2D: 4D) and prosocial behaviour in a dictator game. British Journal of Psychology, 100, 151-162.

52.

Nelson, E. E., Leibenluft, E., McClure, E., & Pine, D. S. (2005). The social re-orientation of adolescence: a neuroscience perspective on the process and its relation to psychopathology. Psychological Medicine, 35, 163-174.

53.

Op de Macks, Z. A., Moor, B. G., Overgaauw, S., Güroğlu, B., Dahl, R. E., & Crone, E. A. (2011). Testosterone levels correspond with increased ventral striatum activation in response to monetary rewards in adolescents. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 506-516.

54.

Öhman, A. (1986). Face the beast and fear the face: Animal and social fears as prototypes for evolutionary analyses of emotion. Psychophysiology, 23, 123-145.

55.

Öhman, A. (2002). Automaticity and the amygdala: Nonconscious responses to emotional faces. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 62-66.

56.

Putman, P., Hermans, E., & Van Honk, J. (2004). Emotional stroop performance for masked angry faces: it's BAS, not BIS. Emotion, 4, 305-311.

57.

Rabkin, J. G., Rabkin, R., & Wagner, G. (1995). Testosterone replacement therapy in HIV illness. General Hospital Psychiatry, 17, 37-42.

58.

Rubinow, D. R., Roca, C. A., Schmidt, P. J., Danaceau, M. A., Putnam, K., Cizza, G., ..., & Nieman, L. (2005). Testosterone suppression of CRH-stimulated cortisol in men. Neuropsychopharmacology, 30, 1906-1912.

59.

Schroeder, J. P., & Packard, M. G. (2000). Role of dopamine receptor subtypes in the acquisition of a testosterone conditioned place preference in rats. Neuroscience Letters, 282, 17-20.

60.

Schultz, W. (1999). The reward signal of midbrain dopamine neurons. Physiology, 14, 249-255.

61.

Schutter, D. J., & van Honk, J. (2004). Decoupling of midfrontal delta–beta oscillations after testosterone administration. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 53, 71-73.

62.

Shemisa, K., Kunnathur, V., Liu, B., Salvaterra, T. J., & Dluzen, D. E. (2006). Testosterone modulation of striatal dopamine output in orchidectomized mice. Synapse, 60, 347-353.

63.

Smits, D. J., & Kuppens, P. (2005). The relations between anger, coping with anger, and aggression, and the BIS/BAS system. Personality and Individual Differences, 39, 783-793.

64.

Terburg, D., Aarts, H., & van Honk, J. (2012). Testosterone affects gaze aversion from angry faces outside of conscious awareness. Psychological Science, 23, 459-463.

65.

Terburg, D., & van Honk, J. (2013). Approach–avoidance versus dominance–submissiveness: A multilevel neural framework on how testosterone promotes social status. Emotion Review, 5, 296-302.

66.

Tostain, J. L., & Blanc, F. (2008). Testosterone deficiency: a common, unrecognized syndrome. Nature Clinical Practice Urology, 5, 388-396.

67.

van Honk, J., Peper, J. S., & Schutter, D. J. (2005). Testosterone reduces unconscious fear but not consciously experienced anxiety:implications for the disorders of fear and anxiety. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 218-225.

68.

van Honk, J., & Schutter, D. J. (2007). Testosterone reduces conscious detection of signals serving social correction implications for antisocial behavior. Psychological Science, 18, 663-667.

69.

van Honk, J., Schutter, D. J., Hermans, E. J., Putman, P., Tuiten, A., & Koppeschaar, H. (2004). Testosterone shifts the balance between sensitivity for punishment and reward in healthy young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29, 937-943.

70.

van Honk, J. V., Tuiten, A., de Haan, E., vann de Hout, M., & Stam, H. (2001). Attentional biases for angry faces: Relationships to trait anger and anxiety. Cognition & Emotion, 15, 279-297.

71.

van Honk, J., Tuiten, A., Hermans, E., Putnam, P., Koppeschaar, H., Thijssen, J., ..., & van Doornen, L. (2001). A single administration of testosterone induces cardiac accelerative responses to angry faces in healthy young women. Behavioral Neuroscience, 115, 238-242.

72.

van Honk, J., Tuiten, A., van den Hout, M., Koppeschaar, H., Thijssen, J., de Haan, E., & Verbaten, R. (1998). Baseline salivary cortisol levels and preconscious selective attention for threat: A pilot study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23, 741-747.

73.

van Honk, J., Tuiten, A., van den Hout, M., Koppeschaar, H., Thijssen, J., de Haan, E., & Verbaten, R. (2000). Conscious and preconscious selective attention to social threat:different neuroendocrine response patterns. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, 577-591.

74.

van Honk, J., Tuiten, A., Verbaten, R., van den Hout, M., Koppeschaar, H., Thijssen, J., & de Haan, E. (1999). Correlations among salivary testosterone, mood, and selective attention to threat in humans. Hormones and Behavior, 36, 17-24.

75.

van Wingen, G., Mattern, C., Verkes, R. J., Buitelaar, J., & Fernández, G. (2010). Testosterone reduces amygdala–orbitofrontal cortex coupling. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35, 105-113.

76.

Viau, V. (2002). Functional cross‐talk between the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal and adrenal axes. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 14, 506-513.

77.

Whalen, P. J., Shin, L. M., McInerney, S. C., Fischer, H., Wright, C. I., & Rauch, S. L. (2001). A functional MRI study of human amygdala responses to facial expressions of fear versus anger. Emotion, 1, 70-83.

78.

Wirth, M. M., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2007). Basal testosterone moderates responses to anger faces in humans. Physiology & Behavior, 90, 496-505.

79.

Wright, R. (1994). The moral animal: Why we are the way we are. The new science of evolutionary psychology. Vintage, adivision of Random House, Inc.

80.

Wood, R. I. (2008). Anabolic–androgenic steroid dependence? Insights from animals and humans. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 29, 490-506.

81.

Zak, P. J., Kurzban, R., Ahmadi, S., Swerdloff, R. S., Park, J., Efremidze, L., ..., & Matzner, W. (2009). Testosterone administration decreases generosity in the ultimatum game. PLoS One, 4, e8330.

82.

Zinbarg, R. E., & Mohlman, J. (1998). Individual differences in the acquisition of affectively valenced associations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1024-1040.

Korean Journal of Psychology: General