Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
Vol.33 No.1
Abstract
In this study, the impact of social exclusion on suicidal ideation and mediation effect of depression were verified in neurotic outpatients. The subject group was 97 neurotic patients. Social exclusion was divided into three factors of isolation, insult, and bullying exclusion, and negative impact of isolation exclusion on suicidal ideation was assumed to be bigger than insult or bullying exclusion. As a result, social exclusion had a significant impact on suicidal ideation, especially impact of isolation exclusion on suicidal ideation was more significant compared to the insult or bullying exclusion. Also we investigated the mediating effect of depression. Depression was a very significant mediating variable, but the direct impacts of social exclusion and isolation exclusion on suicide ideation were not significant. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed with regard to the results.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the healthy marital relationship scale in middle age. First of all, it analyzed documentary consideration, couple-interview data, and couple-related scales and then prepared 104 basic preliminary questions. Next, experts including a professor of psychology, a professor of social welfare, a doctor of psychology, and a teacher of Korean language validate the contents of the basic preliminary items over 4 times, thereby have developed 59 items of the preliminary scale. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out targeting 223 married men and women in their middle age with the developed preliminary scale. As the result of exploratory factor analysis, 2 factors were confirmed: 10 items for equality/value factor and 10 items for communication/intimacy factor. As the result of carrying out confirmatory factor analysis of the final healthy marital-relationship scale in middle age, a model of 2 factors was confirmed to be suitable. The convergent and discriminative validity was confirmed through the correlation with COMOSWB (Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being), Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Conflict Coping Scale. Finally, significance and limitation of this study were discussed.
Abstract
This overview article is based on the premise that we should think over the concrete way to realize the spirit of positive psychology. Among the three main topics of positive psychology, this article focuses on positive experiences and pays attention to the influence of natural environments on facilitating positive experience. This review article is to show that we can realize the aim of positive psychology by positive experiences through natural environments. First, this review demonstrated that the representative broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions have something in common with the attention restoration theory, which is the representative theory about the restorative effect of natural environments. Then, it was shown by discussing some empirical researches that the undoing effect, the principal concept of broaden-and-build theory, is available through natural environments. Finally, several cases were examined to show that the contact with natural environments allows us to have positive experiences such as infusing with positive meaning, savoring, mindfulness, flow, and transcendent experience. From this review, the conclusion was drawn that future research should focus on everyday nature to apply the relationship between natural environments and positive experiences to real life.
Abstract
This research aimed to understand the in-depth mental structure of Korean adults by exploring their bereavement experiences using the concept mapping method and to find out if their grief experiences would reflect the conceptual model of complicated grief. Eighteen adult females who lost their family members were interviewed and a total of 99 core statements were extracted. After conducting a multidimensional scaling analysis and a cluster analysis with the core statements, bereavement reactions were classified into six categories of two dimensions. Two dimensions reflected the ‘separation-specific and general adaptation’ and the ‘impact of loss and coping with loss.’ Six categories were named as ‘feeling depressed’, ‘feeling devastated’, ‘avoiding relationships’, ‘experiencing changes after the loss’, ‘experiencing bereavement feelings and recollecting the deceased’, and ‘reminiscing about and continuing bonds with the deceased.’ This research has the implication that it empirically verified the structural characteristics and underlying dimensions of the bereavement experiences of Korean adults.
Abstract
As the interest in the counselor's mental health has increased recently, the research of vicarious trauma is also increasing. Vicarious trauma means that counselor's identity and inner experience have been transformed through indirect trauma exposure. In the west, vicarious trauma research has been developed in several ways: differentiating from similar concepts such as burn-out, secondary traumatic stress and compassion fatigue; finding related factors; and developing coping strategies and training programs. Researches of vicarious trauma so far has been claiming that the concept of vicarious trauma is not clear, because there is not any consistency in the findings on the relation between indirect trauma exposure and vicarious trauma. In early days, researches were focused on negative aspects of vicarious trauma, but in recent days, the fact that counselors have positive experiences such as vicarious post-traumatic growth and vicarious resilience has been reported. Since then, vicarious trauma research has been done in comprehensive dimension. In Korea, vicarious trauma research is just at the start line, so the clarity of the concept of vicarious trauma has been confusing, few qualitative researches exists on the phenomena, and also only a few training programs were developed for soothing vicarious trauma. This research was aimed to clarify the reason why the researches so far have been inconsistent and confusing, to summarize the results of the researches, and to suggest directions of future researches. As the result, there appears a question that the concept of vicarious trauma has been studied in two ways: cognitive distortion and PTSD. Accordingly, the researches in future are requested to synthesize the two ways, to re-conceptualize vicarious trauma including positive aspects, and to develop comprehensive tools of measurements.
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the effects of group coaching program based on positive psychology to enhance happiness. Participants were 12 college students, 6 for the experiment group and 6 students for the control group. Data were collected across five times, pre, post, follow-up 1, follow-up 2, and follow-up 3. To measure overall happiness, life satisfaction, mental health, hope, subjective wellbeing, and optimism were measured. Results showed that there were significant interaction effects between time interval and groups for all the dependent variables except hope, confirming the effects of the coaching program. Also, there were non significant effects of time interval for all the dependent variables except optimism, confirming the duration of the program effect across time. Finally, implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
Abstract
While agreeableness has received considerable research attention as an important factor for life satisfaction, little attention has been given to the mechanisms that mediate its effects. The present research tested three-path mediation model in which social intelligence and positive affect are distally rooted in agreeableness, which predispose people toward life satisfaction. Participants were 202 college students who completed measures of social intelligence, positive affect, agreeableness, and life satisfaction. The results supported the predicted three-path mediation model. Higher levels of agreeableness were associated with higher social intelligence, which in turn affected life satisfaction by increasing positive affect. The implications of the results for developing interventions to improve life satisfaction are considered.
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the 3rd and 4th data from the Korean Retirement and Income Study: KReIS for verifying the longitudinal model of life satisfaction among the Korean middle and older adults(50 years and over). Through this, we were willing to explain the correlation between time flow and life satisfaction among the middle and older adults with prolonged average life expectancy. We examined how two factors of successful aging-physical & psychological health-explain life satisfaction and the mediating effects of the preparation agency for old age(financial independency, major role of planning for old age, living expenses for old age) and interpersonal relationship satisfactions(friend, family, marital relationships) from preceding research. We also identified gender differences in each path. First, the results indicated that physical & psychological health had significant effect on the Korean middle and older adults’ life satisfaction. And the study result supported partial meditating model explaining preparation agency for old age and life satisfaction with interpersonal relationship. Second, there was significant gender difference between psychological health and life satisfaction. For men, psychological health directly explains life satisfaction and it was possible to explain with preparation agency for old age and interpersonal relationship. But for women, psychological health and life satisfaction is not directly related, but just meditating effects of preparation agency and interpersonal are applied. Third, women participants showed lower means all of the factors as compared with men; it means poor quality of life in terms of physical, psychological and financial aspects. This result emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships and preparation agency, including both physical and psychological health. And for women, especially, the importance of social relationship is more emphasized. We discussed implications and limitations in counseling and policy approaches for life satisfaction of older life.
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effect of desire for control(DC) on depression, and to examine whether the effect of DC differs depending upon a person's perceived controllability, and one's stress level. 256 undergraduate students(103 males, 153 females) participated in this study were asked to report the perceived controllability of a list of possible major life stressors and events they had experienced. And those were analysed with their DC and depression level measured by DC scale and BDI. The results showed that, high DC had lower depression level than low DC in general. The effect of DC on depression varied according to perceived controllability only in stressful condition. The hypothesis that high DC would get more depressed when they perceive low controllability was rejected. In case of having high perceived controllability, high DC showed alleviated depression symptom, which was not for low DC. Implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with the suggestions for future research.
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the relationship between language development ability and rapid auditory processing. 65 preschoolers aged between 4 and 6 years old were administered Receptive-Expressive Language Scale and Coloured Progressive Matrices in order to measure language development ability and nonverbal IQ, respectively. In addition, rapid auditory processing was measured by Auditory temporal order judgement task and Auditory Frequency modulation-detection test. The results showed that receptive and expressive language ability of preschoolers significantly correlated with rapid auditory processing, measured by Auditory temporal order judgement task and Auditory Frequency modulation-detection test. Multiple regression analysis revealed that rapid auditory processing ability significantly predicted language development ability even after controlling for the effects of age and non verbal IQ. These findings suggest that rapid auditory processing is an important predictor of language development ability for preschool children.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship among actual-ideal self-discrepancy and depressed mood with examining the mediating effect of self efficacy and moderating effect of social support. The participants of this research were 455 high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. They were asked to fill out a set of questionnaire which consists of the Actual and Ideal Selves Questionnaire, CES-D (The Center for Epidemiological Studies - Depression), SES (Self- Efficacy Scales), and Perceived Social Support Scale. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 15.0. The results of this study showed significant gender differences in depressed mood and general self efficacy. Female group showed significantly higher scores on depressed mood than males, while male adolescents showed significantly higher scores on general self efficacy. Also, in regression analysis, general self efficacy completely mediated the effect of actual-ideal self-discrepancy on depressed mood in male, and partially mediated the same effect in female. Moreover, although male group showed a non-significant result, in female group, three of four social support subordinate variables - emotional support, evaluative support and informational support - showed significant moderating effect. Especially, evaluative support turned out to have the largest moderating effect in female.
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the differential effects of death fear on the meaning perceptions in life by death acceptance levels. A total of 442 undergraduate university students were screened with Death Attitude Profile Revised(DAP-R). According to their DAP-R scores, students who scored within the 15% were selected for death acceptance high group(n=50) and students within the lower 15% were selected for death acceptance low group(n=48). For investigating the differential effects of death fear on the meaning perceptions in life by death acceptance levels, subjects performed an essay task under death fear condition or control condition. In result, death acceptance high group is more perceptible in the search for meaning and meaning perceptions in life than death acceptance low group. and death acceptance high group is more perceptible in the presence subscale than death acceptance low group after death fear. But there is no difference between death acceptance low groups in the presence subscale after death fear. Finally, the clinical implications and several limitations of the present study were discussed.
Abstract
An investigative interview of children has an imperative and critical responsibility in the context of children's testimony and it often determines how the rest of the investigation proceeds in the legal system. Consequently, concrete structures and systematic contents are required for appropriate as well as scientific investigative interview of children. Yet, unfortunately, there have been only a few articles published regarding training procedures that have methodical support and confirmed effectiveness for investigative interviewers of children in Korea. Thus, this paper offered to provide comprehensive information of a series of stages involved in training investigative interviewers of children which included a stage of building positive environment, a learning stage, a stage for open-discussion, and a stage for wrapping up. In addition, the structures of an individual and group interview feedback and the criterions for an ideal interview feedback were introduced. Ultimately, the goals of this paper were to emphasize the necessity of effective and systematized training procedures based on the results of scientific researches examining the most effective training methods for investigative interviewers for them to facilitate interviews of high standard and to recognize the importance of a continuous training throughout their professional careers as investigative interviewers. It was also discussed that everyone on the team including administrators and managers who work in the related fields needs to perceive the importance of continuous effective training for investigative interviewers of children to attain the most reliable testimony.