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ISSN : 1229-067X

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PDF Citation 선(禪)의 심리학적 일고찰
金基錫(서울大學校 敎育學科) pp.37-41
PDF Citation 과제곤란도와 집단압력
鄭良殷(서울大學校 心理學科) pp.42-53
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초록

問項困難度가 0%부터 43.9 %에 이르는 6 個種類의 17 個 種類를 Crutchfield 形의 同钃實驗器具에서 5 名 1 組로 男子 120名에게 同钃實驗을 實施했다. 各 問项은 2 個의 答枝를 갖고 그 中 1個 答枝는 正答이었다. 그 결과 集團壓力의 作用量은 課題困難度와는 相關없이 一定한 量이었다. 그리고 課題困難度가 높은 경우에는 集團壓力을 너무 많이 加하면 오히려 그 結果가 低下되고 또 集團壓力의 作用이 問越의 種類에 따라 差異가 있을 可能性을 示唆하는 結果를 얻었다.

Abstract

A set of alternative hypotheses in a group pressure situation was testified experimentally. The hypotheses were as follows: Hypothesis I. If the group pressure exerts variable effects in relation with the difficulty of task in conformity situation, that is, easy task is less susceptible to the group pressure and difficult one more, then the confidence of the task will be a variable to account for the conforming behavior. Hypothesis II. If the hypothesis I is not proved, that is, the effect of group pressure is constant regardless of the difficulty of the task in conformity situation, confidence of the task could not account for the effect of group pressure, and a variable other than confidence should be assumed. Seventeen stimuli were selected from five types of tasks; verbal analogy, arithmetic reasoning, line, vocabulary, antonym and synonym. Each stimulus had response alternatives of two, and the difficulty level of the stimuli was ranged from 0% to 43.9 %. One hundred and twenty male students were tested in modified Crutchfield's conformity apparatus with a group of five at a time. Followings were the main findings. 1. The effect of group pressure was constant regardless of the difficulty of the task. The rank order correlation of the total conformity level and difficulty of the task was .94. The result seemed to be enough to reject Hypothesis I. 2. There seemed to be a indication of the selective effect of group pressure with the type of stimulus items. 3. The number of group pressure seemd to have interaction with the difficulty of the task, that is, when the difficulty of the task were extremely high, the amount of conformity decreases with more than three times of group pressure.

PDF Citation 상대적 거리가 단어 자유회상에 미치는 영향
조명한(서울 대학교 심리학과) ; 김유진(서울 대학교 심리학과) ; 이정모(서울 대학교 심리학과) pp.54-61
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초록

상대적 거리는 첫째 연상빈도와 계속 연상계층의 기울기요인과의 함수로 규정되었었다. 이 연구에서는 상대적 거리가 단어의 의미충만성을 대표한다고 가정하였다. 그리하여 첫째 연상빈도를 고정시키고 상대적 거리를 변화시킨 자료에서(실험 I), 그리고 Noble 의 m 을 고정시키고 상대적 거리를 변화시킨 자료에서(실험 II) 단어의 즉시 자유회상을 측정하였다. 두 조건에서 모두 상대적 거리가 가까운 단어들이 훨씬 회상량이 많았다. 실험 III에서는 「먼 단어-가까운 단어」 혹은 「가까운 단어-먼 단어」를 짝으로 1회 제시하고 자유회상토록 하였다. 측정된 회상순위에 의하면 가까운 단어가 먼저 회상되었다. 상대적 거리의 가설에 비추어 개별적 단어의 유용성과 단어와 단어의 연합과정을 논의하였다.

Abstract

The relative distance, RD, which was defined as a function of the strength of primary associate and the gradient factor of successive association-hierarchy, was proposed to reflect meaningfulness of a word. Immediate free recall of words was measured. In experiment I, in which the primary strength was constant and the RD varied, showed a significantly greater amount of recall in the near RD lists than in the remote ones. Experiment II also revealed the RD effect upon free recall of words in which primary strength was varied and the Noble's m was held constant. In experiment III, free recall order of paired-associate lists was examined, and recall of near items was prior to that of remote items regardless of the presentation order of remote or near RD. An item's availability as a function of RD and its role in the recall process of item pairs were discussed.

PDF Citation 수량형용사에서의 배경효과에 대한 분석
李秀遠(서울大學校 心理學科) pp.62-67
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초록

한 單語의 意味價가 주어진 背景에 따라 어떻게 變化하는지를 알아보기 위하여 順應水準理論을 적용, 數量形容詞에서 分析을 시도했다. 얻어진 結果는 위의 理論에 좇아 單語의 意味價는 背景의 크기가 커지면 작게, 背景의 크기가 작아지면 크게 判斷되었다. 그러나 이러한 背景効果는 單語에 따라 일관성 있는 結果를 얻지 못했다. 이와 같은 원인을 Helson 과 그의 同僚들(1957)은 個人의 順應水準에서의 距離의 函數로서 해석했으나 本 研究의 結果, 이 해석이 적절하지 못하다고 밝혀졌다. 實驗結果에 따르면 오히려 單語의 意昧價는 一定한 背景의 크기에서 變하지 않는 範圍가 있으며 이 範圍가 單語마다 다르기 때문에 나타나는 현상으로 해석하는 것이 더욱 타당한 것 같다.

Abstract

In the present study the effect of background .on the evaluations of 15 quantitative common words and phrases were investigated with 12 background numbers. One hundred high school boys were asked to estimate the stimulus words and phrases in each background, and followings are the main findings; 1. In general, the meaning of the stimulus words and phrases decreased, as the background increased (nine out of 15). 2. In six words, the meaning was constant over a fairly wide range of background and these words and phrases were not only those, close to the extreme evaluations, but also those situated near the AL in the stimulus series of each background. This is contrary to the expectation of Hselson et al. (1957).

PDF Citation Taylor 의 表出不安尺度의 韓國版
金聖泰(高麗大學校 心理學科) pp.68-70
PDF Citation 大學生의 政治的 態度
田溶新(高麗大學校 心理學科) pp.71-74

한국심리학회지: 일반

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