- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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1권 1호
초록
이 연구에서는 한 單語의 解符號化에 作用하는 要因들을 文字素, 音節길이, 發音 및 意味의 要因들로 분류하고 이들 變因에 따르는 單語의 知覺議閾을 측정하였다. 意味充滿性이 낮은 單語들의 識閉은 文字素, 普節길이와 發普의 變因과 函數이외으나 높은 單語들에서는 이들 變因의 영향이 없었다. 그리하여 有意味 單語의 形觴素를 變化시키어 職閾을 측정하였다. 따라서 한 單語가 어떻게 有意味한 體系로서 認知 혹은 代表되느냐를 중심으로 결과를 論義하였다.
Abstract
The factors of grapheme, syllable-length, pronunciability and meaningfulness were varied for the lists of words in the Experiment I and the factor of morpheme levels was varied in the Experiment II, and accordingly, significant differences in the perceptual threshold among the lists were measured. It was discussed that structural complexity and reduudancy of meaning would be the factors which are operative in organization of a word.
초록
뇌 해마가 정서행동에 미치는 영향을 알기 위하여 두정-측두 경계 부위의 신피질율 양측성으로 둥글게(지름 3mm 정도) 떼고 이를 거쳐 해마를 거의 완전히 매어버린 흰쥐 35마리(해마군)와 신피질에만 지름 3 mm 정도의 손상을 준 흰쥐 25마리 (수술통제군) 및 정상흰쥐 23마리를 마련하여 다음과 같은 실험을 실시하였다. 흰쥐의 정서행동을 측정하기 위해서는 Brady와 Nauta(1953)에 의하여 고안된 실험방법을 다소 개량하여 사용하였다. 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 해마제거군은 수술후 계속 수술통제군이나 정상통제군보다 더 반항의 정도가 크고 공격성이 증가 되었다.
Abstract
This experiment was planned to find if the hippocampus exerts any influence upon the emotional reactivity of male rats. Thirty-five rats in which the hippocampus was almost totally removed through a small hole with a diameter 3 mm made in the neocortex at the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes (hippocampal group), twenty-five rats with similar neocortical damage alone (opera ted control group), and twenty-three normal control rats(normal control group) were subjected to the experiment. In an attempt to evaluate gross changes in emotional reactivity with hippocampal ablated rats, a four point rating scale technique by Brady and Nauta(1953) was employed. Ratings were made for all animals on the following six behavior components: (1) resistance to capture in home cage, (2) resistance to handling, (3) squealing and vocalization reaction to capture and handling, (4) urination and defecation reaction to capture and handling, (5) Aggressive reaction to presentation o£ pencils in close proximity to the animal snout. (6) Aggressive reaction to proding with a forcep on the animal back. Two independent judges rated in the relatively standard situation. Ratings for all animals were performed four occasions, i.e., on the 3,4,5 and 6 week days after surgery. The results for emotional reactivity are shown in table (1), It is apparent that there appears a rather marked change in the emotional reactivity of the hippocampal animals as compared with both of the two control groups throughout the four successive postoperative tests. The table 1 shows that there is a gradual increase in the magnitude of emotional reactivity for all three groups over the consecutive postoperative weeks.
초록
본 연구는 도덕개념의 한 형태인 내재적 정의감(immanent justice)에 대한 사고를 한국아동을 대상으로 실시하고 그 결과를 Piaget 및 기타 연구자들의 연구와 비교하고자 시도했다. 2차에 걸친 예비실험을 통하여 면접법과 검사법 간의 관계성을 검토하고 거기서 얻어진 결과에 준하여 20 개의 문항으로 된 검사지를 작성했다. 피험자로는 만 6세에서 11 세에 이르는 남·여 총 2187명의 시내 국민학교 아동이었다. 본실험에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령이 증가함에 따라 내재적 사고는 감소하고 반대로 자연론적 사고는 증가했다. 두째, Swiss, Hopi, Lebanon 등의 아동과 한국아동의 내재적 사고를 비교한 결과 한국아동이 내재적 사고를 가장 적게 보였다. 이러한 경향은 중국아동과 비슷하며, 문화권의 차를 보여 준다. 세째, 지능과 내재적 사고 간에는 본연구 결과로는 상관이 없었다. 네째, 남·여의 사고형에는 의의있는 차가 보였다. 즉 남자가 여자 보다 자연론적 사고를 많이 보이고 여자는 내재적 사고를 많이 보이고 여자는 내재적 사고를 많이 보였다. 다섯째, 검사법과 면접법 간의 상관은 높고 두 방법 간엔 유의미한 차가 없다.
Abstract
The present study was attempted to investigate immanent thinking in Korean children within the framework of Piaget's concepts. Piaget conceives of immanent thinking as punishment which is looked upon by the young child as resulting from nature or thing itself. Previous investigators have suggested that immanent thinking in children was affected by several factors such as cultural milieu, chronological age, mental age, sex difference and test situations. The present experiment was carried out for the purpose of inquiring these factors. The method adopted in this study was questionnaire technique composed of items of which items were borrowed from Piaget and the other 17 items were constructed through two preliminary experiments. 2187 children whose ages were 6 to 11 years in elementary schools were used as subjects. The responses obtained were divided into three categories of immanent, mixed and naturalristic responses. Several facts were observed as follows: (1) Immanent thinking was significantly decreased with age. This finding confirmed with the data of Piaget and others. (2) Our data failed to find out any relationship between immanent thinking and the levels of intelligence, in contrast with those of Piaget and Abel. (3) Differences of immanent thinking between the Korean children and the Hopi and Lebanese children might be attributable to the cultural milieu. (4) Imminent thinking in boys was significantly lowered than that of girls. It is in agreement with previous investigations. (5) When considered the high correlation between the two situations of test and interview, the test method is much likely to be placed instead of the method of interview.