Korean Journal of Psychology: General

Abstract

When the coefficient of determination from a multiple regression analysis is significant but too small in size, it is worth while to estimate the amount of variance in the dependent variable(DV) that is accounted for by the independent variables(IV) after the measurement error in the DV is eliminated. For this estimation, a LISREL model incorporating the reliabilities of the variables could be utilized. The Total Coefficient of Determination of the Structural Equations from the LISREL output is a useful index which could be subjected to a significance testing. If the primary interest of the researcher lies in the direct effect of an IV, he/she needs to exameine the size of the squared partial correlation as well as the size of the squared semi-partial correlation. Sometimes. "Proportion of the Multiple Covariance" could be an informal, yet useful, index of the effect size, depending on the research circumstances. The interaction effects from survey of field researchs are typically smaller then those from experimantal studies. In order to obtain the maximum magnitude of the interaction effect from a surveyor field study, it is recommended to employ a sampling plan which assures the uniform distributions of the IV and to use a line segment scale instead of a Likert scale to measure the DV.

Abstract

In an attempt to critically analyze the conceptual foundations of psychology, the theory of science that psychology had adopted were analyzed. First, the implicit and explicit presuppositions in conducting scientific research were analyzed, and then the chararateristics of traditional 'Perceived View' of science were described. After that the critiques of science by postmodernism were described and the meta and empirical implications of cognitive psychology to the theory of science were discussed. A new possible way of reformulating the theory and practice of science in psychology was proposed.

Abstract

Abstract

Socialization, as the agency of modeling, is the process by which children and adolescents acquire values and standards of behavior which are expected from their social group. A1thoueh adolescents are more dependent Ulan children on peer relationships, the family is still considered a more potent influence on the youth in most societies. Parental acceptance. as one of the major dimensions of parental behavior, has consistent effects on the social and emotional development of children and adolescents including self-esteem, helping behavior, interpersonal relations,antisocial behavior, and world-view Parental acceptance is also associated with psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents. Without some effective coping skills and/or a warm alternative caretaker being available, rejected children and adolescents are likely to grow up into adults who will tend to reject their own children.

Abstract

The lay dispositionism is a tendency which attributes others' behavior not to the situation but to their personal disposition. In this article, I argue that one's social-egocentrism is a source of the lay dispositionism. The social-egocentrism is an absolute recognition of others' impression in a certain role relationship as their real personality. People do not realize that one's impression of others are socially constructed in the role relationships they are involved. In this sense, one's impression is contextualized in the given role relationship. This social-egocentrism prevails when a person identifies his or her self identity with the social roles he or she performs. In this context, the person in Question perceives his or her own role behavior and that of others as an expression of personal will. As a result, a lay dispositionism which attributes the cause of one's role-based behavior to his or her personal disposition emerges. In this article, I present relevant empirical data supporting this idea, and discuss its implication with regard to the existing theories of person-perception.

Abstract

This study was conducted to translate the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale into the Korean language and to validate the translated scale with a sample of 1159 Korean university students. A principal components analysis with the total sample yielded a four-factor structure which was almost congruent with those of various Astralian samples. Other psychometric properties such as alpha and convergent and discriminant validities with other personality constructs were also found to be very satisfactory for the translated scale. These results were highly compatible to those fo earlier Australian studies, except gender differnces in the factor structure, due to cultural differences in terms of sex-role expectation. In conclusion, the findings clearly indicate that the translated Hong Psychological Reactance Scale is highly recommendated for use in research.

Abstract

In the past 15 years approximately 50 empirical studies have sought in various ways to operationalize the concept of identity and investigate its personality and behavioral correlates. In recent years empirical research on ego identity has been dominated by Marcia's concept of "identity statuses" (I964). In Korea,considerable research on ego identity has appeared over the past 10 years. Empirical researches on ego identity were discussed and evaluated according to the following there standpoints in this review: 1) The measurement of ego identity, 2) The relation between Identity Status and other areas, and 3) The longterm stability of the identity statuses. In this research, some suggestions for future research were suggested. At first, the original step of categorizing the broad construct of identity into subtypes, each of which is subsequently evaluated by interview rather then questionnair, seem to have had a broad appeal to investigators. But the Identity Status Interview does not capture all Erikson had in mind, rather it strikes an optimal compromise between Erikson's clinical idiographic form of inquiry and that prescribed by nomothetic, empirical science. Still more crucial, however, is the question of the overall validity of Marcia's paradigm as a theoritical and empirical approach to the study of ego identity. Therefore, the identity status interview approach remains open to a number of methodological improvements. Secondly, in this research it has been suggested that ego identity be investigated not only as a static configuration but also in terms of developmental processes which contribute to the individual's acquistion of a "sense of who he is". It is important to add that "identity" cannot properly by understand as a developmental end-point. Rather, it must be assumed that processes mediating both identity consolidation continue beyond adolescence and throughout adulthood as the individual respons to crisis in his life situation. Thirdly, most of the researches on ego identity have taken the college students as subjects. From now on any other population such as the high school student, working youth should be taken as subjects in order to generalize broadly the existing research findings. Finally. though research on ego identity has increased considerably since 1970, the area is still relatively new in comparison with many other areas of adolescent developmental research. To sum up this study, two possible directions for future research are suggested. On one hand, considerable work remains to be done within the identity status paradigm. On the other, the study of both identity as process and of the variables mediating identity formation indicates a new point of departure for research requiring the developmental typological approach.

Abstract

This paper compares structuralistic psychology and vipassana meditation of Buddhism. Both aim to understand the human mind and emphasize observation of consciousness as the methodology. The present paper introduces consciousness and observation of consciousness, which are dealt with in each approach, and discusses the similarities and differences between them. Finally, examining the meaning of the comparison, the importance of complementary acceptance of psychology as science (or scientific understanding) and psychology as experience (or experiential understanding) is discussed.

Abstract

The present study explored the structure of emotion from the experiences of emotional cooccurrence. 1517 emotion-related terms were first gathered from the subject's free-responses, Korean dictionary, and previous studies on the emotion structure. Then, 818 terms judged as being more appropriate by current investigators were selected. Finally, 80 emotional terms were selected based on subjects' ratings in terms of similarity, categorical inclusiveness and representativeness. 300 subjects were asked to rate the degree to which pairwise emotional terms are experienced cooccurrentIy in order to obtain input data for cluster analysis and MDS(ALSCAL). Results from cluster analysis indicated that the emotional structure consists of pleasantness and unpleasantness clusters and that the unpleasantness cluster was more differentiated than the pleasantness cluster. MDS on 80 emotional terms revealed the following three dimensions on the 11% stress level : (1) Pleasantness-Unpleasantness, (2) Activation, and (3) Tension-Relaxation.