- 권한신청
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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1권 4호
초록
인물평가 형용사의 호오도가 주어진 준거의 호오도에 따라서 어떻게 변화하는가를 알아보았다. 얻어진 결과는 준거와 자극어의 거리가 적을수록 자극어의 호오도는 중성화하였으며, 거리가 클수록 양극으로 반응하는 경향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 양극에서의 방향은 준거가 자극어의 호오도보다 클 때는 부적인 방향으로 이와 반대에서는 정적인 방향을 취하였다. 그리고 실험에서 설정한 준거는 피험자가 갖고 있는 준거에 대한 마음갖춤새와 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 반응감소현상을 설명하는 이론들을 중심으로 이 결과를 논의하였다. 아울러 마음갖춤새에 접근하는 방향을 모색하여 보았다.
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the tendency for evaluations of personality-trait adjectives to be displaced as the favorablness of context variables. 175 Ss, divided at random into 7 groups by context variables, judged the 14 stimulus words in 10 contexts. Results indicate that the favorablness of contexts were directly related to those of the stimuli. 1) The favorablness of stimulus decreased, as the context increased. 2) When the favorablness level of stimulus was accorded with those of contexts, the evaluation of the stimulus was neutralized.
초록
淸報에 對한 選擇的 接觸에 關한 認知的 不調和理論의 基本假說을 實驗的으로 檢證하기 爲하여 721名의 高等學生들을 被驗者로 하여 點數에 依하여 不調和를 廣範하게 操作하고 統制集團을 導入하고 關聯情報들을 同時 및 別個로 提示하였다. 不調和의 크기와 不調和의 源泉에 對한 評價가 測定되었다. 不調和의 크기는 關聯情報들의 性質과 提示條件에 따라서 다소 莲異가 있었으며 몇몇 集團들에서 操作한 方向과 反對되는 크기의 不調和가 있었다. 情報의 別個提示條件의 情報選擇曲線과 同時提示條件의 情報選擇曲線은 크게 달랐다. 어느 條件에서든 調和情報의 探索은 없었다. 別個提示條件에서 不調和情報는 樹亟的으로 廻避되었으나 極端의 不調和集團의 探索은 없었다. 同時提示條件에서 不條利가 거의 없는 集團에서 調和情報는 探索되었으나 다른 不調和集團들에서는 두 矛盾情報에 대하여 恙異없는 情報選擇을 보였으며 中程度의 不調和集團들에서 調和情報는 不調和情報와 함께 廻避되었다. 同時提示條件의 調和情報의 選擇曲線은 Festinger의 睹賻實驗曲線과 類似하였다. 調和情報의 探索程度는 不調和情報의 廻避程度보다 微弱하였다. 別個提示條件의 統制集團들은 同時提示條件의 統制集團보다 關聯情報에 더 높은 興味를 보였다. 不調和의 크기와 不調和의 源泉에 對한 評價사이의 Spearman 相關係數는 .92였다.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to test experimentally the Fest ingot's (1957) dissonance theory predictions about information selectivity. Subjects were 721 senior high school students. The experiment was conducted under the pretense of reading interest survey. Scholastic aptitude test which was important to high school students was administered for the preparation of dissonance manipulation. The experimental groups were received the test score which was randomly manipulated, while the control groups were not. Three forms of inters! survey questionnair which consist of 14 magazine article titles were administered for measuring the seletivc exposure to informations. The experimental conditions were divided by consonant-, dissonant-information presentation condition and the simultaneous presentation conditions of both information according to the nature of critical article titles of interest survey questionnaires. Interst in relevant information was measured by checking on the 10.5cm， 16-point graphic rating scales below the article titles. Opinion survey questionnaire was administered for measuring the magnitude of dissonance and evaluation of source of dissonance. The main results of present study were as following. 1. Generally the lower the score, the greater the magnitude of dissonance in all conditions. The magnitude of dissonance(pleasant-unpleasant) varied in accordance with the conditions of information presentation. Several dissonance groups showed inversed dissonance to the direction of experimental manipulation. 2. The curves of separate presentation conditions markedly differed from the curves of simultaneous presentation condition of descrepant informations. 3. The active seeking of consonant information from both contitions was not appeared. 4. There was active avoidance o£ dissonant information in the separate dissonant information presentation condition, but the seeking of dissonant information in the extreme dissonance group was not shown in this condition. The consonant information was also avoided as the dissonant information in the moderate dissonance groups of simultaneous presentation condition. 5. The curve of consonant information in simultaneous presentation condition was similar to the curve of Festinger's (1957) gambling study. 6. The degree of seeking consonant information was weaker than the degree of avoiding dissonant information. 7. Interest m relevant informations of the control groups was greater in the separate presentation conditions than in the simultaneous presentation condition (p<.04. one tailed). 8. The Rho coefficient between the magnitude of dissonance and the evaluation of source of dissonance was . 92.
초록
이 실험에서 단어들을 지각하여 지정하는 단계와 회상하여 반응하는 단계 각각에서 체제화를 관찰하였다. 명사, 동사 및 형용사의 세 단어로 목록을 구성하되 세 단어가 문장이 될 수 있는 높은 목록과 문장이 될 수 없는 낮은 목록을 각각 만들었다. 피험자에게 마음갖춤새를 달리 하기 위하여 목록을 제시하기 전에 어떤 단어를 기억하도록 지시를 준 정보집단과 회상하기 직전에 지시를 준 통제집단과 어떠한 지시도 안 주고 모든 것을 회상케 한 자유회상 집단으로 나누었다. 단어들의 체제화의 양은 정보집단에서 제일 높았고, 목록 간의 비교는 높은 목록이 낮은 목록보다 회상량도 체제화량도 높았다. 통제집단의 체제화량은 높은 목록에서는 자유회상 집단보다 많았으나 낮은 목록에서는 작았다. 즉 마음갖춤새가 체제화의 동인으로 작용하였으며 그것은 단어의 회상기와 저장기에 모두 작용한 것이다. 나아가서 저장기의 체제화는 단어들을 유용화하는 과정이며 이와 달리 회상기의 체체화는 이미 유용한 단어들을 접근가능하게 하는 과정이라는 별개의 특징을 논의하였다.
Abstract
It was assumed that orgarnization could occur at both of the retrieval and storage stage and that the subjective set is it's main determinant. In an attempt to test this assumption, an experiment was performed, manipulating the list context-structuredness and inducing the subjective sets. Lists were consisted of 18 word-triads (noun, verb, & adverb). In the highly structured list (H), triads could be made into sentences and in the lowly structured list (L), unable. Sets were induced in three different ways. One group was given before presentation of the list，information of which part of each triad is to be recalled, another (CR) given the information just before recall, and the other given none but asked to recall all the items in the list. The number of repetition was taken as the dependent variable. The amount of orgarnization (O-E; ratio of repetitions) was greater in H than L. O-E was KR>CR>FR in H and KR>CR=FR in L. H>L was interpreted that high context increased the item availability with its high articulation. CR>FR was interpreted as a result showing that orgarnization could occur at retrieval by means of subjective set. KR>CR and KR>FR were interpreted as a result showing that organization could occur at storage. It was observed that processing mechanisms at each stage are multi-ones. Different nature of organization was proposed between the stage of storage and retrieval; the former as a process where the item availability-gets increased, while the latter as a process where already available items become more accessible.