Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.16 No.1
Abstract
There have been a number of studies on the interaction between cognition and emotion. This article reviews those studies on the role of the amygdala in providing a possible neurobiological basis for such interaction. The amygdala receives information about the external as well as the internal (i.e., bodily) environment, and influences widespread brain areas. Thus, the emotional significance of exteranl stimuli is evaluated in the amygdala, the results of which initiates various actions of the amygdala such as influencing cognitive information processing or eliciting autonomic responses. It is well established that the amygdala plays an important role in emotional memory tasks, especially fear conditioning, and these tasks can be thought of as ones that cognition and emotion interacts. This view of the amygdala as an interface between cognition and emotion receives support from many studies that electrically stimulated or lesioned the amygdala. Also, some studies suggest that the amygdala is necessary for not only fear conditioning, but also whatever tasks that involve strong emotions, whether positive or negative.
Abstract
The experimental data reviewed here have shown two kinds of individual differences in reading comprehension. One source of the differences result from the efficiency of reading skill. Less skilled readers generally show slower reading time and poor comprehension than do skilled readers when encountered syntactic complexity. It is suggested that the concept of the total amount of activation gives a good account of the efficiency of reading skills. The other source of the differences might result from the sufficiency or deficiency of executive resources. Good readers are slower than poor readers when plausible and implausible sentences of the same syntactic structure are given within-subjects design. In addition, good readers are able to shift from the strategy of context dependent processing to the strategy of ordered processing in ambiguity resolution whereas poor readers rely heavily on exhaustive processing. It is suggested that the executive processor which decides what the cognitive system should do exhibits three major functions of monitoring, goal instantiation, and adaptive strategy choices.
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to make a brief historical review of Confucian psychology from Toegye(退溪) through Dasan(茶山) in Chosun dynasty. Toegye's theory is considered to be one of the best theories in the realm of learning and exercising of mind(心學) in Korean Neo-Confucianism(韓國性理學) tradition. Toegye's Neo-Confucian psychology composed of a variety of theories: principle and material force in mind(理氣論), mind, human nature and feeling(心性情論), four beginnings and seven feelings(四端七情論) and self-cultivation through Kyung(修養論) among others. Toegye in many respects is said to emphasize the theory of Kyung(敬, 修養論); preserving mind and nourishing nature(存養) and reflection(省察) in everyday life and a way to become a sage. After expounding Toegye's theory, his theory was also compared with Yulgok's(栗谷) and Dasan's(茶山). Especially, Dasan attempted to criticize Neo-confucian psychology and develope a more action-oriented Confucian psychology of Silhak. He assumed that human nature (性) consisted of two contradictory preferences: moral virtues(靈知嗜好) and physical drives(形軀嗜好). He hypothesized that conflicts between these two contradictory preferences could be regulated by self-determination of human mind. More specifically, Dasan's self-cultivation theory maintained that human mind can be cultivated through performing actions in accordance with four beginnings. In the latter part of this article, an attempt was made to integrate Toegye's Neo-confucian psychology with Dasan's Silhak psychology. Finally, based upon this integration of Confucian psychology in Chosun Dynasty, implications for reconstructing modern psychology were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to review the articles proving Bowlby's claims that the attachments to caregiver in infancy are continued throughout one's life as a internal working model and transmitted to one's descendants. In addition, the articles reporting insecure attachments influence to the pathological development and transmitted to one's offspring through the qualitative characteristics of attachment, are also included in this review. By this review, it was able to be confirmed that the attachment is one of the important research themes in developmental psychopathology as well as in developmental psychology.
Abstract
Prevention has recently become an important area of interest within psychology. There is now much vigorous prevention research being conducted throughout the world, and an increasing number of psychologists are putting their efforts in preventing adolescent mental health problems. In Korea, however, prevention research to promote adolescent mental health has not received much attention within psychology. Focusing on emerging mental health problems among Korean adolescents, this article explores future directions for prevention research to promote Korean adolescents, mental health. This article begins with definitions of mental health and discusses some salient mental health problems in Korean adolescents. It then discusses definitions of prevention as well as basic conceptual approaches to prevention. Finally, this article proposes future directions for the promotion of adolescent mental health in Korea., based on a review of current status of prevention research in psychology.
Abstract
The present study was an attempt to critically review research on various evaluation methods to assess organizational change. It was first emphasized to study whether an organizational change intervention has resulted in positive impact to the organization. Various approach to assess organizational change was categorized into two broad types; analysis of self-reported responses and analysis of intervention utility. Comparative analyses were conducted with coefficients of factor congruence method, ideal score method, retrospective measure method, and structural equation analysis which were proposed to measure alpha, beta, and gamma change, as conceptualized by Golembiewski et al. (1976). In addition, various methods to evaluate monetary utility of organizational change were comparatively analyzed. Finally, limitations and applicability of various methods were discussed.
Abstract
Anderson early on concluded from his research on impression formation that data supported averaging but not adding models, in spite of the fact that so-called set size effects, in particular, appeared to favor adding rather than averaging. A close review of methods used to test the models and the outcomes of such studies suggests that Anderson's support of the averaging model is biased, possibly due to greater flexibility of the averaging models. After making a distinction between N(number of input variables)-dependent weights(resulting in averaging) and N-independent weights(resulting in adding), a hypothesis was advanced, which stated that averaging is done when inputs contain conflicting feedbacks regarding the identical target while adding is favored when the input evaluations are consistent and/or number of inputs is made salient. It was further hypothesized that averaging is a mechanism by which people reduce uncertainty and complexity engendered by cognitive inputs.