Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.3 No.1
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that favorableness impression measured by a good-bad scale would be judged according to social norms, whereas likableness impression measured by a like-dislike scale would be judged according to personal norms. In this study, the group pressure in Asch's(195L) conformity situation was manipulated as a social norm. In order to test this hypothesis, fifteen 4-word sets were constructed and their favorability and likability scale values were measured by 10 subjects. On the basis of these scale values, the group pressures were carried by three confederates on the scale values plus or minus 1 SD points on the judgment scale to 8 out of 15 word sets Three confederates were instructed to report the remaining word set's scale values as their impression. The experiment was conducted in a 4-man 0 confederates and 1 subject) group situation. To each word set, 3 confederates reported, in turn, their instructed impression value and then the subject reported his favorableness or likableness impression after he received three confederates' group pressure. Subjects were 40 college male students and divided into two groups of 20 men (the favorableness judgement group and the likableness judgement group). The results were as follows: 1) the impression response of the favorableness judgement group was more influenced by group pressure than that of the likableness judgement group, 2) the favorableness judgement group showed greater conformity than the likableness group, 3) the response variability of the favorableness group \vas smaller than that of likableness group, and 4) the favorableness group trusted in group pressures more than the likableness group did. Previous research on conformity reported that group pressures in conformity situations have normative influence on group members and that the group members identify this pressure as their judgemental criteria. The results of this experiment were interpreted as approving the hypothesis of the present study.
Abstract
It was hypothesized that an increase in the strength of disliking compared to that in the strength of liking would have a greater effect on perception of the pleasantness and the stability of the triadic social situations. All subjects were instructed to write the names of several persons whom they liked strongly, considerably, fairly, and mildly. While one experimental group wrote the strongly liked and disliked persons into the triadic social situations, the other experimental group wrote the mildly liked and disliked persons. The hypothesis was supported in stability ratings but not in pleasantness ratings. The overall pattern of the balance effects did not support the Heider's(1958) and Newcomb's(1968) theories. A new model similar to the conflict model was suggested to explain these data.
Abstract
A validation study of Y·G personality test showed the following results. First, item analysis yielded a very high coefficient of reliability of 12 scales. The reliability was much improved if the scales were rearranged into groups. Second, factor analysis showed that the coefficient of factor congruence and correlation between the antithetical factors were very high and that the factor structure of the Korean was almost identical to that of the Japanese. Third, according to the results of structural analysis, 9 out of 12 scales were congruent structures, whereas C scale was semi-congruent structure, the R scale was similarity structure and the Ag scale was interaction structure. Thus the possibility of applying to both sexes of two countries was assured, although some items of the R scale and the scale level of the Ag scale should be reexamined. The above mentioned results affirmed the validity and reliability of Y-G personality test of a Korean version.
Abstract
The present study examined whether preschoolers are able to employ the discounting principle in the attribution process. Kindergartners, first and third graders, 40 subjects each, were asked to listen very carefully to several stories in each of which an actor performed a nice behavior. They were then asked to answer three questions intended to measure inferences about the cause of the actor's behavior, estimation of the degree or his internal motive, and prediction about the same future behavior. More internal causes were attributed to actors who did a nice behavior without any anticipation of reward than to those who did in expectation of reward. The same pattern or results emerged in a comparison of the actors who were given verbal rewards to those who received tangible rewards. Kindergartners inferred more internal causes in the behavior of actors who received unexpected tangible rewards than in the behavior of actors who were given expected tangible rewards. These subjects also revealed internally or externally biased discoill1ting effects and only 10% of them seemed unsystematically applying the discounting principle. Taken together, these findings suggest that given plausible causes of a behavior, kindergartners encode relevant information about the behavior and then use the discounting principle. Finally, significant correlations were obtained among three measurements: Causal inferences of behavior, estimation of internal motives and predictions about the same behavior.
Abstract
Three cued recall experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of the imagery of the input cues on the retrieval processes. In Experiment 1, imagery of the input cues, types of retrieval cues, and input word order were varied. In Experiment 2 and 3, presentation rates and retrieval time were additionally varied respectively. The results indicated that cued recall depends on the specific input conditions. Under the high imagery input cue condition, intralist cuing was superior to extralist cuing, whereas under the low imagery input cue condition, extralist cuing was superior to intralist cuing. Additionally controlled variables did not have any significant effects on this finding. The results generally support the encoding specificity theory, but it also shows some limits of the 'superiority of intra list cuing' assumption of this theory. The 'non-superiority of intralist cuing' and the tendency of faster and better recall under the low imagery input cue condition was interpreted as the result of the different nature of the encoding of the target words paired with high imagery input cues and that of the target words paired with low imagery input cue.