Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.21 No.1
Abstract
Criminal profiling is a scientific tool to organize various crime scene information based on psychological theories and psychometric methodologies and to enhance the success probability of crime investigation. In other words, criminal profiling uses various elements comprising the crime scene as if they are items in a psychological test and from the responses of the perpetrator and the victim to those elements, makes educated inferences about the type of the perpetrator. Therefore, criminal profiling is an applied branch of psychology in which personality theories, psychometric methodologies, and investigative techniques are systematically orchestrated. On the other hand, it has not been very well recognized that criminal profiling can provide a useful frame of reference to evaluate and predict the outcome of legal policies regarding crimes. This article is to explain the micro-utility of criminal profiling as an investigative tool as well as its macro-utility as a conceptual frame of reference that provides the theoretical and empirical bases for the evaluation of legal policies. The micro-utility of criminal profiling was explained by reviewing a survey study conducted in the Great Britain. And the macro-utility of criminal profiling as a means to evaluate legal policies was described by using the policy of Korean government called "The Community Notification of Sexual Offenders Against Minors" as a case in point.
Abstract
The purpose of the present research was to investigate the conceptual structures of ‘we (a group of people that a person think he feel weness with)’, ‘the others(the opposite concept of we)’, ‘the- same-team’, and ‘the-other-team’ by examining the conditions required for establishment of those concepts in interpersonal situations. Furthermore, we suggested social categorizations of qualitatively- divergent subgroups beyond ingroup/outgroup categorization. The concept of ‘we’ was found to be composed with 5 factors: Sharing time and activities, credibility, similarity, potential benefit, and intimacy. However, to the concept of ‘the-same-team’, all items related with credibility and potential beneficial factors were integrated into one factor. In addition, the factor of sharing time and activities was listed as the most frequent reason for which they thought certain people were included in their own ‘we’. Also, it was perceived as a sufficient condition (the condition itself can make an event happen). However, the factor of potential benefit was the most frequent reason for which they thought certain people were included in their own ‘the same team’. These findings were discussed in extension of theory of social categorization and uniqueness of the concept ‘weness’.
Abstract
The present study examined how the contextual factors of performance appraisal affect the rater's memory and appraisal to the ratee's behaviors. Among the contextual factors, the study testified the effect of the evaluation procedure and the rater's affect toward the ratee on the relation between memory and appraisal. The result showed that the relation between memory and appraisal significantly more increased in the retrieval-rating procedure than in the rating-retrieval one. In the condition that the rater has positive affect toward the ratee, appraisal is based on on-line processing appeared. Whereas memory significantly related appraisal using evaluation through memory-based process in the negative affect condition. The effect of the interpersonal affect was very different depending on the appraisal procedure. In the retrieval-rating procedure, appraisal significantly related memory when the rater has positive affect toward the ratee. However, in the positive affect condition, on-line process appeared, even though the retrieval-rating procedure was used. Moreover, regardless the interpersonal affect condition, the relation between memory and appraisal did not show significance in the rating-retrieval-memory procedure. The research implication and limitations were discussed.
Abstract
Psychological tests such as attitudinal or personality tests are often adapted or translated for use in many languages and cultures. In this situation, the construct equivalence is a fundamental issue because having equivalence of measures is a prerequisite for obtaining valid comparisons across cultural groups. To completely accept results from quantitative comparisons across groups, evidence for construct equivalence must be established. The purpose of this study is to describe a general approach for empirically investigating the construct equivalence of personality tests. The Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) Questionnaire was administered in English to 844 American college students and in Korean to 538 Korean college students. Two statistical methods were utilized in a complementary way: (a) Principal Component Analysis, and (b) Multi-group Confirmatory Factor analysis. The results showed that the extraversion scale of the 16PF had the same factor structure across the two groups only in that it had the same number of factors and the same items on each factor. However, the results indicated that the factor loadings and error variances were not equivalent across the two groups. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Abstract
This study investigated relationships between recollections of parental warmth and control and characteristics of the social support network, especially network orientation, and the extent to which this relationship is mediated by current attachment style. One hundred and thirty-nine American undergraduate students completed questionnaires regarding parental warmth and control, current attachment style, and various characteristics of the social support network. Analyses revealed that the more individuals recalled their fathers as having been warm, the more positive the network orientations they reported. Recalled father and mother warmth were positively associated with perceived amount of social support and recalled mother warmth was associated with satisfaction with perceived social support. Current secure attachment style was predicted by recollections of mother and father warmth, and current secure attachment style mediated the relation between perceived parental warmth and characteristics of the social support network. The implications of these findings are discussed.