Korean Journal of Psychology: General
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- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.28 No.2
Abstract
Conceptualizing the Complex Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome as a severe disruption of one's self-system is suggested in order to understand its complicated psychological mechanism and dynamic process. Understanding complex posttraumatic stress syndrome as traumatization in such self-related domains as self-agency(I-self), self as an object(Me-self), self-coherence, self-affects, and self-punitive behaviors can be helpful in understanding its individual symptoms from a holistic perspective since the lack of systematic theoretical grounds for the complex posttraumatic stress syndrome has often been a barrier in research and clinical settings that aimed to study and treat the survivors of complex trauma.
Abstract
Complicated grief is defined as a deviation from the normal symptoms of grief. CG has been subsumed under major depressive disorder or posttraumatic stress disorder. However, there has been a broad consensus that existing diagnoses are not sufficient for CG. A number of research groups have shown that how complicated grief is distinguished from those disorders and demonstrated that CG constitutes a distinct psychopathological diagnostic entity. The purpose of this study is to review current concepts of CG and empirical evidences of CG, and its related issues.
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with greater deficit in executive function relative to other cognitive functions. To this end, we analyzed schizophrenic and control data from 3 independent studies. We compared performance of schizophrenic and control subjects on 6-paired tests in which one is associated with high involvement of executive function (high EF tests) and the other with low involvement of executive function (low EF tests). There were 3 main findings. First, cognitive deficits of schizophrenic subjects relative to control subjects were greater in high EF tests compared with low EF tests. Second, control subjects showed no significant difference in performance of high versus low EF tests, whereas schizophrenic subjects showed significantly lower performance in high versus low EF tests. Third, there were significant interactions between Group (control, schizophrenia) and Involvement of EF (high, low). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with differential deficit in executive function. They also suggest that schizophrenia is associated with deficits in frontal-subcortical circuits.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among leisure motivation, leisure constraints, and leisure satisfaction, and to identify differences of leisure motivation, leisure constraints, and leisure satisfaction according to personality type. Total of 534 participants completed a questionnaire. According to Holland, personality type was classified into realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional type. There were significant correlations between leisure motivation and leisure satisfaction, and between leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction. But correlation between leisure motivation and leisure constraints was not significant. Difference of leisure motivation according to personality type was significant. Leisure motivation of conventional type were higher than investigative, enterprising, realistic, and artistic type. Differences of leisure constraints and leisure satisfaction according to personality type were not significant. However, the post-hoc comparisons showed that social, realistic, enterprising, and investigative type were higher than conventional type in lack of interest, and social and enterprising type were higher than artistic type in lack of partners. Conventional type was higher than investigative, enterprising, realistic, and artistic type in educational satisfaction, and conventional type was higher than enterprising type in social satisfaction. Relaxational motivation accounted for meaningful variation in leisure satisfaction for the total personality types, competence-mastery motivation accounted for meaningful variation in leisure satisfaction for the total personality types except investigative type, and intellectual motivation accounted for meaningful variation in leisure satisfaction for investigative type. Lack of interest accounted for meaningful variation in leisure satisfaction for realistic, artistic, and conventional types. Because of different leisure motivation factors and leisure constraints factors according to personality type, it is necessary to provide different leisure activities considering personality type.
Abstract
This study aims to estimate the degree of utilization of mental health services, social costs of mental illness, and economic values of college counseling center to develop the strategies that help college students to improve their psychological well-being and mental health. The cost-effective analyses of the group counseling in college students were conducted with three different approaches as follow: 1) The effect of mental health treatment on employment prospects, 2) The effect of mental health treatment onquality- adjusted life years, 3) The monetary-gain analyses by evaluating the costs and benefits of group counseling. As a result, individuals who received the group counseling could obtain 90 times more monetary gain than those who did not receive the group counseling. The results of this study verified the values of mental health service and provided empirical evidences for how to decrease social costs efficiently by identifying the priority of psychological problems and symptoms.
Abstract
The current study aimed to establish how forgiveness contributes to the abusive relationship sustaining in the dating violence relationship. The investment model was commonly used by many studies to explain the maintenance dating violence relationships. This study strengthens the explanation by using a forgiveness variable. A sample 210 of female university students conducted the Conflict Tactics Scales(CTS), Investment Model Scale(IMS), Altuistic Delusion Scale(ADS), Enright Forgiveness Inventory(EFI), Intent to Return Questionnaire. After that, the data of 133 who experienced dating violence were analyzed. The result of regression analysis revealed that the Investment model variables was associated with the commitment variable, and the forgiveness partially mediated connection between commitment and Intent to Return. The results mean that because of the satisfaction, investment to the partner, quality of alternatives, and commitment, female victims forgive the offensive partner, and consequently, dating violence relationship was sustained. This results suggests the forgiveness can effect maladaptively to the maintenance of abusive situation. And the future study for examining adaptive forgiveness of victims was suggested.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Professor Trust Scale (PTS) as a preliminary step for research on trust in college. First, we reviewed prior research on trust and examined various trust scales developed in Korea and also in other countries. Then, preliminary factors of professor trust were extracted from the results of an open-ended survey administered to college students. Drawing on these preliminary factors, we developed the items to measure college students’ professor trust and tested the instrument. 270 college students completed the open-ended survey and 790 students participated in preliminary or actual tests. For the final scale, we tested its internal consistency reliability and also examined its construct validity by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors including intimacy, expertise, teaching, and leadership, which consisted of 27 items for the final set of the Professor Trust Scale. The Cronbach's internal consistency coefficient of the overall scale was .96 indicating high reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis also supported the validity of this factor structure by showing acceptable fit indices.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to introduce the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test(M-FAST) which was developed for detecting malingered mental illness and to test the reliability and validity of M-FAST using Korean population. For this purpose, undergraduate students(n=92) and criminal defendants who were referred to forensic examination(n=66) were included in the study. Reliability analysis of 25 M-FAST items produced an alpha coefficient of .90. Confirmatory factor analysis for testing 7 factor model of M-FAST was also examined. Correlation analysis between M-FAST total score, scale scales and validity scales of MMPI-2 found evidence of construct validity. Total data were reclassified into two sub-groups(honest respondents group and malingered group), and the independent sample t-test was conducted to determine the difference in the M-FAST total score and 7 scale scores between two groups. The results revealed that the honest respondents group showed higher M-FAST total score and scale scores than malingered group. ROC analysis yielded an AUC of .949(SE=.017, p<.001). Finally, the optimum M-FAST total cut-off score was revealed as 6 points(sensitivity=.895, specificity=.915). These results indicates that M-FAST has high reliability and validity in this study using Korean population.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to analyze factors predicting recidivism of larcenous juvenile probationers for the duration of probation term, and to develop a actuarial assessment tool designed to be employed in the practice of probation. The subjects consisted of 817 larcenous juvenile probationers who had reoffended during their terms of probation and matched sample of 675 non-recidivists. The study found significant deferences between the recidivists group and the non-recidivists group in 19 variables. Among those variables, logistic regression showed that denying accountability, age at the time of commencing probation, theft history, experience of school dropout and parents type best predicted the recidivism for the duration of probation. LJP-RRAR demonstrated that AUC value amounted to .711, which is referred to high predictive accuracy. These results of the study suggest that LJP-RRAR could be a useful and potential tool in managing juvenile probationers commensurately with their risk, and treating violent juveniles on their need basis. It is expected that the predictive accuracy and the validity would be enhanced by follow-up studies on validation, and subsequent studies considering dynamic factors and protective factors.
Abstract
Comparison Question Technique (CQT) is the method of forensic lie detection that is the most widely used in Korea. CQT is based on the basic assumption that the psychophysiological responses vary depending on whether the subject receives a relevant or a comparison question and whether the subject is telling a lie or the truth. The present study tested the basic assumption underlying the use of CQT by means of a chi-square test for the goodness-of-fit between the false positive rates as expected by Lykken (1988, 1998) and those as estimated from actual data. The false positive rates in actual data were estimated to be generally low in the range of 1% to 7%. On the other hand, Lykken (1988, 1998) expected them to be in the range of 39.5% to 47%. Our analyses indicate that Lykken severely overestimated the false positive rates of CQT and as a result, the basic assumption underlying the use of CQT as a method of lie detection is not as ill-founded as Lykken proposed. The limitations of the present study and further studies to establish the validity of the rationales underlying CQT were discussed.