Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
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Vol.7 No.1
Abstract
In Korean written language there are some Chinese homophones which have different spelling from another in Chinese characters but have the same sound and spelling as another in Korean language. So each of Chinese homophone is orthographically unambiguous but is phonologically ambiguous to Korean. A word association test about Chinese homophones and two experiments were perfonned to examine the nature of lexical access in the processing of Chinese homophone with Korean subjects. Subjects made lexical decisions to Korean target words that were associates of the orthographically related meaning or phonologically related meaning of a Chinese homophone prime. Experiment 1 explored the time course of activation of the two meanings at 200-ms SOA and lOO0-ms SOA, showing that two meanings were retrieved simultaneously and the access to lexical meaning was mediated by phonological representation. Subsequent to its retrieval, activation of the phonologically related meaning decreased a little more. Experiment2 indicated that cost by attentional allocation was possible only about phonologically related meaning. At long SOA controlled processing appeared to be active hut was difficult to control about orthographically related meaning.
Abstract
According to theories of selective attention, animals learn to ignore irrelevant stimuli depending on the correlation of a stimulus with a reinforcement. An attentional process by which animals learn to ignore an irrelevant stimulus is an independent mechanism, not just a consequence of any increase in attention to relevant stimuli. There is evidence that mesolimbic serotonergic system plays a role in this attentional process. In the present experiment, rats with lesions of median raphe nuclei were compared to non-lesioned normal rats for the ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli. Forty experimentally naive rats were used. Three days prior to training, animals were randomly assigned to lesioned or non-lesioned groups. Animals in each of the two groups were further subdivided into an expermental and a control group. An irrelevant stimulus, a light, which was not correlated with a reinforcement, was presented for the experimental, and not for the control groups. Turning consistently left or right in a Y maze was reinforced with foods. For the experimental groups, the light was presented randomly in one of the three arms of the Y maze. Each daily training session was composed of 20 trials. All animals were run until 17 correct responses of 20 trials were reached or for a maximum of 200 trials. The control gorups were given 20 testing trials on the day after they had met the learning criterion. The random presentations of the light were introduced in the testing session. Results showed that presentation of the irrelevant light stimulus significantly retarded Y maze learning in the median raphe lesioned. They were more distracted to the light than the non-lesioned. It is interpreted that the ability to ignore irrelevant stimuli is disrupted in animals with median raphe lesions.
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to test the idea that Kelley's(1967) three types of attributional information(consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency information) can be partially implied by one or the other. Sixty subjects received one type of information(Experiment 1), and another 60 subjects received two types of information(Experiment 2) and were asked to infer the remaining information by (1) choosing between the two opposite implications(e.g., high and low consensus implications), on each of the three dimensions, and (2) rating the strength of each implication on 7-point unipolor scales. As expected, subjects were able to fill in the missing information based on the given information. In addition, the pattern of implicational relationships found among consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency information indirectly supported the T-shape attribution space model proposed by Cha and Na(1986). but did not support the schema-based predictions made by Orvis, Cunningham, and Kelley(1975). It was also demonstrated that people would assume a higher baseline for consistency information than for consensus or distinctiveness information. The analysis suggested that the traditional internal-external attribution distinction may have confounded two different attribution choices, one between person and stimulus and another between person and circumstance.
Abstract
This Study was designed to examine the effects on treatment of tension headache using frontails EMG biofeedback of self-efficacy. depression, and multiple health locus-of-control. 36 subjects, proved to be tension patients through diagnosis questionnair, were devided randomly into two groups; Biofeedback group and Control group, each having fourteen males and four females. self-efficacy, depression and multiple health locus-of-control scales were measured in pre-treatment stage. Baseline frontalis EMG level of 6 sessions was also measured for 2 weeks. Biofeedback group was trained for reduction of frontalis EMG level for 4 weeks(8 sessions). Control group frontalis EMG level was measured once a week without imposing any kind of training on it. Individual headache diary of baseline stage, during the treatment, and 4 weeks post-treatment has obtained every week. The results idicated that subjects with higher self-efficacy, internal control scores tend to have better treatment outcome defined in terms of reduction of tension headache score. Lower depressin score was also associated with better treatment outcome. Results were discussed in terms of the importance of individual characteristics in effective EMG biofeedback training of tension headache.
Abstract
This study is aiming to investigate the validity of the theoretical perspectives that heightened egocentism during the early adolescence has been accounted for by the formal operational thought and the perceived parental child-rearing practices. Three measurement instruments were administerated to the four different age groups both sexes of adolescents from the age of 12 to 18, and those are a modified version of the classroom Test of Formal Operations, a revision of the Adolescent Egocentrism-Sociocentrism, and the Diagnostic Scale for Family Atmosphere. Data analysis revealed that formal operation did not enhance adolescent egocentrism significantly, while the patterns of the perceived parents-adolescent relationships were predictive determinants of adolescent egocentrism. Contrary to the previous theoretical assumptions, 14 and 16 year old adolescents who are at the level of transitional operations were higher than those at the level of formal operation in adolescent egocentrism. In addition, perceived paternal receptiveness and maternal autonomy were associated with diminished egocentrism for boys, while perceived paternal love, for girls.
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring the possible dimensions of attitude toward the elderly and the aging processes of the middle-aged Korean people through the factor analysis. Total of 508 respondents, 254 for each sex respectively, ages from 30 to 49(Mdn=38yrs)were recruited in Seoul. The preliminary attitude inventory was consisted of 50 items concerning eleven different aspects as follows: 1) biological aging 2) personality change 3) psychological adjustment and mental health 4) sensory and perceptual ability change 5) deterioration of learning abilities and performance 6) generation differences 7) family relations 8) retirement 9) senile / chronic diseases 10) attitude toward death and dying and 11) misellaneous. The principal-component factor analysis with varimax rotation shows the attitude of middle-aged toward the elderly and aging processes can be identified as following five factors: 1) positive aspects of family relations 2) negative changes in behavior characteristics 3) deterioration of abilities 4) rigidity and social disengagement 5) negative aspects of everyday life events. Especially the factor of the positive aspects of family relation was discussed.