Korean Journal of Psychology: General
- KOREAN
- P-ISSN1229-067X
- E-ISSN2734-1127
- KCI
ISSN : 1229-067X
Vol.27 No.3
Abstract
Binge eating is a component common to obesity, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, anorexia nervosa, as well as subclinical eating issues. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to provide a status report of some of issues on binge eating and suggest possible future avenue for research for researchers; and second, to review the literature to provide useful clinical information for practicing clinicians in the field of clinics, schools, etc. In order to further the understanding of binge eating, its phenomenon and etiological models were reviewed in depth and issues regarding the definition of binge eating were discussed. Although research has been accumulated and piled up, there are still significant challenges that need to be addressed. This paper listed some of these challenges, highlighting gaps in our knowledge of binge eating. In addition, suggestions on research in this field and treatment were offered.
Abstract
To investigate which factor had an effect on the judgment of Hangul character's beauty, 84 Hangul characters were selected according to their usage frequencies, and its visual simplicity, ease of pronunciation, and meaningfulness were surveyed of each 100 college students, respectively, in the survey 1. Multiple regression analysis revealed that meaningfulness was the most important factor. Even though each other factor had its own contribution, its effect size was very small when compared simultaneously with the meaningfulness factor. In the survey 2, students were induced to give more attention to visual aspects of Hangul characters. Some rated visual dynamics of Hangul characters, and others had to choose between two kinds of Hangul fonts before they rated Hangul's visual beauty. The analysis, however, found that meaningfulness was still the most important. This result indicates that Koreans do not give much attention to the visual aspects of Hangul and they are apt to be greatly influenced by semantic factors on Hangul-related judgments.
Abstract
The present study examined a culture theory regarding the relations between worldviews and risk perception of lay people (N=350) and experts (N=190) in science and technology. The culture theory suggests that worldviews are associated with concerns about distinct types of risks and that risk perception can be explained by worldviews. We explored this hypothesis because lay people and experts show difference in worldviews and risk perception and because the variance in risk perception are predicted by worldviews. Both group showed qualitative and quantitative differences in correlations between worldviews and risk perception. Most difference emerged from the risks in scientific technology such as nuclear power as shown by experts. While lay people showed positive correlations between egalitarianism and perception of risks, experts showed negative correlations. The hypothesis of the culture theory about relations between worldviews and risk perception was confirmed only for lay people. The variances in risk perception explained by worldviews and also by trust were very different for both groups, specially in technology risks. Worldviews were significant predictors of risk perception for expert, but not for lay people. Contrary to worldviews, trust explained the risk perception for lay people, but not for experts. The results of present study were discussed in the context of culture theory and the characteristics of risk perception of the Korean people.
Abstract
In this study, the sensitivity of P300-based concealed information test using the paradigm of three stimuli(targets, probes, and irrelevants), P3S, was estimated with parental names as concealed information and it was compared with the sensitivity of two stimuli(probes and irrelevants) paradigm. Two new procedures were devised to force the subjects to concentrate on the stimuli in the two stimuli paradigm. In the ‘paradigm of two stimuli with category judgement (P2S-CJ)’, the subjects made a judgement on the category to which the presented stimulus belonged. In the ‘paradigm of two stimuli with recognition test (P2S-RT)’, on the other hand, the subjects were given a recognition test after the presentation of a stimulus. The highest P300 difference between probes and irrelevants was found when the P3S was used, compared to the differences in P300 when the P2S-CJ or the P2S-RT was used. The sensitivity of the P3S for individual diagnosis was also highest (.875) compared to the sensitivity of the P2S-CJ or the P2S-RT. In contrast to the results from previous studies, the differences in response time between probes and irrelevants were not statistically significant in all three types of paradigm. Failure to find the differences in response time was explained by the nature of the stimuli used in the present study.
Abstract
This study aims to establish the model of predicting social anxiety in childhood with behavioral inhibition, parental attitude, self-efficacy, and personal/environmental characteristics of children. Participants were 546 students (186 males and 294 females) from 4th, 5th, and 6th grade elementary school located in Seoul, whose ages ranged from 9 to 13 (M=10.86, SD=1.19). The psychological tests used in this research included the following: the Korean version of Parker's Parental Bonding Instrument, LaGreca's Social Anxiety Scale, the Korean version of Carver & White's BAS/BIS Scale, and Jerusalem & Schwarzer's General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results revealed child's behavioral inhibition system as a temperament was most significant predictor of social anxiety among elementary school students. The self-efficacy plays the role of moderating effect on the influence of behavioral inhibition to social anxiety in childhood. It was found that father's parental attitude as well as mother's parental attitude was significant predictor of child's social anxiety, suggest roles of combination of both parents' attitudes and its combination with child's characteristics for social anxiety. It was discussed with de-identification from parents, temperament and goodness of fit, and person-environment fit, and suggested the information for the intervention of child's social anxiety.
Abstract
This study examined the role of anticipated regret as well as the importance of individual differences in making decision under sunk cost situation. And this study investigated how the individual’s self-efficacy changes the influence of anticipated regret about withdrawal and persistence on the sunk cost fallacy behavior. Results showed that anticipating regret about persistence decreased sunk cost fallacy behavior but anticipating regret about withdrawal did not change it. Also, there was strong and significant effect of anticipated regret about persistence on the sunk cost fallacy behavior for individuals with a high self-efficacy. Especially, individuals with a high self-efficacy was more sensitive both anticipated regret about persistence and withdrawal than individuals with a low self-efficacy. This study indicates that the impact on sunk cost fallacy behavior of anticipated regret is moderated by self-efficacy. Therefore it suggests that the predictive power of anticipated regret on sunk cost fallacy behavior will be enhanced if individual differences such as self-efficacy are taken into account.
Abstract
The present survey was conducted to investigate the status of and risk factors for generalized anxiety disorder(GAD) in older adults. The Korean version of the Worry and Anxiety Questionnaire as well as other questions of interest was administered by expert interviewers to 833 older adults aged 65 and over dwelling in the areas of Chuncheon and Whacheon, Gangwon-do. The percent of older adults meeting the DSM-Ⅳ criteria of GAD was 2.76%. As expected, its percent was marginally higher in female group than in male group. Of several risk factors, socioeconomic status, perceived risk health, and ageism were significantly associated with both the diagnosis of GAD and the level of GAD symptoms. Additionally, sex and social support had significant associations with the latter. Next, the effects of sex differences in association with risk factors were explored. In males, perceived risk health was significantly associated with both the diagnosis of GAD and the level of GAD symptoms, whereas in females socioeconomic status was significantly associated with both of them. While ageism was significantly associated with the level of GAD symptoms in men, perceived risk health, ageism, and social support were significantly associated with the level of GAD symptoms in women. Of their worry themes, the frequency of worry about family was the highest, and then the health of self, finance, the health of significant others were in descending order of frequency. Elderly women were more likely to report worries about family and the health of self than elderly men, while the latter was more likely to report worries about finance, the health of significant others, work/occupation, and community/world affairs than the former. Lastly, the results were discussed in terms of the frequency of GAD features as well as the need for preventive and therapeutic interventions for the problems of older adults.
Abstract
This study observed the decrease effect of impulsivity in a condition of cognitive-behavioral therapy with taking n-3 PUFA compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy alone. In this study participants were juveniles with attention deficits under probation. In a result of this study, the impulse control and mood regulation of the experimental group of nutrition-cognitive therapy with taken n-3 PUFA was discovered much more improved compared to the comparison group under cognitive-behavioral therapy. Data analyses presented relatively greater improvement in the experimental group on the impulsivity and coherence scales of ADS's, emotional contextual understanding of ERT-R and area of family relation and self-control. Similar trends had been also confirmed on the observation scales of subjects' life adjustment. These results confirmed the positive therapeutic effect of good nutrition to regulate impulsivity of delinquent juveniles.
Abstract
This research took the grounded theory approach (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) in order to develop a model of healing processes of experiencing Kangkangsulrai, a folk group dancing practiced widely in rural area. We interviewed 16 adults residing in rural area who often practiced the group dancing. Following the analytic frames of the grounded theory, we identified 184 concepts which were grouped into 36 subcategories and 14 superordinate categories. The causal conditions for the healing experiences of Kangkangsulrai were the suppressed feeling and/or the severed experiences from relationship and living in the community. The participants were able to turn the negative feelings into creative psychodynamics of the group shinmyung by engaging in the dancing activities collectively. In this process, the artistic properties of the dancing and group dynamics played as the mediating role. The activity of rotating circles repetitively with holding hands on both sides appears to booster the oneness feeling of the group. This feeling in turn leads to enhance ecstatic experience psychodynamically and to the healing and being-cleansed experience. The process analysis also identified three types of participants; the avoiding dynamics type, the artistic and group appeal type, and the dynamic self-fulfillment type. The present research showed that the main thematic process of Kangkangsulrai is the artistic and psychodynamic group-oriented self-remedial experience. The research was able to show a cultural model of healing experience of folk group dancing practice among Koreans. This model shows direction for further research validating the model and the concepts and serves as a guide for understanding art therapeutic practice for Koreans.
Abstract
Present study attempts to explore the effect of parental behavior on the shaping of moral integrity within the Confucian context. For this aim, survey was administered to the classes in 28 schools in the spring 2007 and data were collected from responses made by 1,495 adolescents(age averaged 18.6). Analysis on data shows that the moral integrity for Korean is composed by abstinence, fairness, accountability and transparency among which abstinence is central and salient. Measurements conducted using the Parental Bonding Instrument have shown that child rearing practice have an important impact on the shaping of moral integrity. The LISREL analysis of parental influence in and of itself on the moral integrity, maternal care and maternal autonomy are disclosed to effect positively while maternal control to effect negatively. It is revealed that the mental illness has salient negative effect and functions as a channel of indirect effect of parental behavior on the moral integrity shaping. The maternal control is appeared distinguished for its degrading the moral integrity by aggravating the mental illness. On the contrary, paternal behavior is found to function for guiding the social norm that is represented by the Confucian value. Paternal control is found notable in this respect. It is also found that a long-term orientation and collectivism where Confucian values are concerned have significant effect on the shaping of moral integrity. Long term orientation (trustworthiness) includes the subfactor of achievement that is arrayed with the moral elements and hence is found to effect positively. On the other hand, collectivism includes the moral element in the social arena such as ‘resistant against corruption’ which is placed subsidiary to the harmony sub-factor and is revealed to limit the capability of self purgation and hence effect negatively on the moral integrity shaping.
Abstract
Although professional school counselors have been distributed into individual schools since 2007, the field of professional school counseling has been in confusion due to the lack of school counseling model that suits the reality of our national school settings and the lack of an appropriate work guide. The main purpose of this study is to analyze conditions and issues in professional school counseling system in the early phase of the distribution and accordingly to offer a suggestion on an effective settling method. For this purpose, we ran 3 focus group interviews to the principals, chief career counselors and professional school counselors in schools where professional school counselors have been distributed and analyzed the qualitative data by the method suggested by Morgan and Scannell(1998). As a result, some contributions were found in activating school counseling after the distribution; but many problems were revealed due to controversy around the departmental assignment, confusion caused by the lack of work guide, dispute about the class participation, conflict and tension among other professionals, disregard and neglect of school counselor's specialty and quality, and discontent about current training and employment system, etc. Based on the result, effective initial settlement plan on professional school counselor system has been suggested on school counselors' role and work duty, position and distribution, and quality and training. It is expected to help stabilize the settlement of school counselors and to minimize initial trial and error and therefore to proceed the development of school counseling of our country.
Abstract
The present study examined whether ideal point response model is adequate for personality measurement scales by comparing the fits and predictive validities of ideal point response model and dominance response model. The analysis of data on a conscientiousness scale developed based on International Personality Item Pool showed that some of the items have bell-shape option response plot, which supports ideal point response model. However, both ideal point response and dominance response model fit the data similarly well. Predictive validity coefficients of conscientiousness scores based on each item response process model predicting academic achievement-related criteria were also similar to each other. The implications of the results were discussed in terms of development and scoring personality scales and the usage of personality scale scores.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate limitations of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in assessing cognitive functions of Korean older adults. The participants were 20 older adults living alone (Group I), 20 older adults living at nursing home (Group Ⅱ), and 20 older adults living at home (Group Ⅲ). All participants were administered MMSE and Cognition Scale for Older Adults (CSOA). There were two main findings. First, when MMSE was used as the assessing instrument, the 3 groups were not significantly different in cognitive functions and in the proportion of participants classified as having cognitive impairment. The cutoff score that did not reflect testee’s age and education level yielded a less accurate classification result than the cutoff score that reflected testee’s age and education level Second, when CSOA was used as the assessing instrument, Group I and Ⅱ were significantly lower in several cognitive functions and had a higher proportion of participants with cognitive impairment relative to Group Ⅲ. Group I and Ⅱ are known to be a high-risk group for cognitive impairment. Thus, the finding of no significant group differences in MMSE scores suggests limitations of an abbreviated cognitive scale in assessing cognitive functions of Korean older adults. The finding of significant group differences in CSOA scores suggests efficiency of a comprehensive cognitive scale. In conclusion, cognitive functions of Korean older adults can be more properly assessed by a comprehensive cognitive scale than by an abbreviated scale.
Abstract
This study examined the accuracy of meta-stereotypes (i.e., beliefs about how their ingroup is viewed by an outgroup), by comparing those with outgroup’s other-stereotypes (i.e., outgroup’s stereotype about ingroup). Korean and Japanese participants expressed their images of each other and predicted the outgroup members’ view of ingroup according to 88 personality traits. Results indicated that perceptions about how they were viewed by the other were inaccurate; furthermore, both groups’ predictions were identically more negative than their counterpart’s actual evaluations about them. The fact that both groups denoted the same tendency suggests the negative nature of meta-stereotypes over outgroup’s other-stereotypes.