ISSN : 1229-0696
본 연구의 목적은 완벽주의 두 주요 하위 요인인 자기기준 및 실수에 대한 염려가 직무 탈진과 직업 효능감에 미치는 영향에 대한 목표지향성의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이었다. 콜센터와 연구소에 근무하는 총 274명의 직장인들이 응답한 설문조사 자료를 분석한 결과, 예측한대로, 완벽주의의 긍정적인 측면인 ‘자기기준’은 직업 효능감과 정적인 관계를 가지는 반면, 또 다른 완벽주의의 측면인 ‘실수에 대한 염려’는 직무 탈진을 야기하는 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 이러한 관계는 각각 직무에 대한 학습 목표지향성과 회피 목표지향성에 의해 매개되었다. 본 연구 결과가 완벽주의 및 직무 탈진에 대한 이론적 연구와 현장에서의 직무 탈진에 대한 개입에 대해 가지는 시사점 및 향후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
We examined the mediational role of goal orientations in the relations between two perfectionism dimensions(i.e., evaluative concerns and personal standards) and job burnout and professional efficacy. Survey data from a total of two hundred seventy four employees of a call center and a R&D organization showed that personal standards, a positive aspect of perfectionism, was positively related to profession efficacy, while evaluative concerns, a negative aspect of perfectionism, was also positively related to job burnout. Furthermore, each of the relations was mediated by learning goal orientation and avoiding goal orientation, respectively. The theoretical and practical implications as well as directions for future research were discussed.
손진아 (2011). 완벽주의의 척도 타당화 및 완벽주의가 직무 탈진, 직업 효능감에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구. 충남대학교 석사학위 청구논문.
신강현 (2003). 일반직 종사자를 위한 직무 소진 척도(MBI-GS)에 대한 타당화 연구. 한국 심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 16(3), 1-17.
이재창, 최인화 (2006). 완벽주의 및 역기능적 진로사고와 진로미결정과의 관계. 한국심리학회지 상담 및 심리치료, 18(4). 853-872.
오경자, 정현강 (2008). 이상 섭식 행동에 영향을 주는 완벽주의 성향과 정서조절 양식에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지 건강, 13(1), 41-55.
김민선, 석분옥, 박금란, 서영석 (2010). 중국인 유학생들의 문화적응 스트레스와 우울 및 신체화의 관계: 부적응적 완벽주의와 적응적 완벽주의의 중재효과 검증. 한국심리학회지 일반, 29(4). 725-745.
허재홍 (2006). 부모양육태도, 완벽주의, 외상경험이 사회불안에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지 상담 및 심리치료, 18(3), 593-611.
하정희, 안성희 (2008). 대학생들의 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 요인들: 스트레스, 대처방식, 완벽주의, 우울, 충동성의 구조적 관계모형 검증. 한국심리학회지 상담 및 심리치료, 20(4), 1149-1171.
Alarcon, G., Eschleman, K. J., & Bowling, N. A. (2009). Relationships between personality variables and burnout: A meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 23(3), 244-263.
Ames, C. (1992). Achievement goals and the classroom motivational climate. In D. H. Schunk & J. L. Meece (Eds.), Student perceptions in the classroom (pp.327-348). Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Appleton, P. R., Hall, H. K., & Hill, A. P. (2009). Relations between multidimensional perfectionism and burnout in junior-elite male athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10(4), 457-465.
Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A., Smith, J., & Antony, M. M. (2003). Making the grade: The behavioural consequences of perfectionism in the classroom. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(1), 163-178.
Blankstein, K. R., & Dunkley, D. M. (2002). Evaluative concerns, self-critical, and personal standards perfectionism: A structural equation modeling strategy. In G. L. Flett & P. L. Hewitt (Eds.), Perfectionism: Theory, research, and treatment. (pp.285-315): Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association.
Bousman, L. A. (2007). The fine line of perfectionism: Is it a strength or a weakness in the workplace? (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
Brett, J. F., & VandeWalle, D. (1999). Goal orientation and goal content as predictors of performance in a training program. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(6), 863-873.
Burns, D. D. (1980). The perfectionists' script for self-defeat. Psychology Today, November, 34-52.
Cellar, D. F., Stuhlmacher, A. F., Young, S. K., Fisher, D. M., Adair, C. K., Haynes, S. 등 (2011). Trait goal orientation, self-regulation, and performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(4), 467-483.
Chen, L. H., Kee, Y. H., Chen, M. Y., & Tsai, Y. M. (2008). Relation of perfectionism with athletes' burnout: Further examination. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 106(3), 811-820.
Cheung, G. W., & Lau, R. S. (2008). Testing mediation and suppression effects of latent variables: Bootstrapping with structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 11(2), 296.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001). The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499-512.
Dragoni, L. (2005). Understanding the emergence of state goal orientation in organizational work groups: The role of leadership and multilevel climate perceptions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1084-1095.
Dunkley, D. M., Zuroff, D. C., & Blankstein, K. R. (2006). Specific perfectionism components versus self-criticism in predicting maladjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(4), 665- 676.
Dweck, C. S. (1986). Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41, 1040-1048.
Dykman, B. M. (1998). Integrating cognitive and motivational factors in depression: Initial tests of a goal-orientation approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), 139-158.
Elliot, A. J., & Church, M. A. (1997). A hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 218-232.
Ellis, A. (1962). Reason and emotion in psychotherapy. Oxford, England: Lyle Stuart.
Eum, K., & Rice, K. G. (2011). Test anxiety, perfectionism, goal orientation, and academic performance, Anxiety, Stress, Coping, 24(2), 167- 78.
Frost, R. O., Heimberg, R. G., Holt, C. S., Mattia, J. I., & Neubauer, A. L. (1993). A comparison of two measures of perfectionism. Personality and Individual Differences, 14(1), 119 -126.
Frost, R. O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990). The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449-468.
Ganster, D. C., & Schaubroeck, J. (1991). Work, stress and employee health. Journal of Management, 17, 235-271.
Hanchon, T. A. (2010). The relations between perfectionism and achievement goals. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(8), 885-890.
Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts: Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(3), 456-470.
Hill, A. P., Hall, H. K., Appleton, P. R., & Murray, J. J. (2010). Perfectionism and burnout in canoe polo and kayak slalom athletes: The mediating influence of validation and growth-seeking. Sport Psychologist, 24(1), 16-34.
Latham, G. P., & Locke, E. A. (2007). New developments in and directions for goal-setting research. European Psychologist, 12(4), 290-300.
Lee, D., & Park, H. (2011). Cross-cultural validity of the frost multidimensional perfectionism scale in Korea. The Counseling Psychologist, 39(2), 320-345.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. F. (1996). A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(2), 123-133.
Locicero, K. A., & Ashby, J. S. (2000). Multidimensional perfectionism and self-reported self-efficacy in college students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 15(2), 47-56.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation - A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705-717.
MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7, 83-104.
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 397-422.
Mitchelson, J. K. (2009). Seeking the perfect balance: Perfectionism and work-family conflict. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 82, 349-367.
Mitchelson, J. K., & Burns, L. R. (1998). Career mothers and perfectionism: Stress at work and at home. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(3), 477-485.
Payne, S. C., Youngcourt, S. S., & Beaubien, J. M. (2007). A meta-analytic examination of the goal orientation nomological net. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(1), 128-150.
Phillips, J. M., & Gully, S. M. (1997). Role of goal orientation, ability, need for achievement, and locus of control in the self-efficacy and goal-setting process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 792-802.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 879-891.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004). Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(3), 293-315.
Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464-481.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92.
Schaufeli, W., Leiter, M., Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. (1996). The MBI-general survey. In C Maslach, S. Jackson, & M. Leiter (Eds.), Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (pp.19-26). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. S. (2001). The revised almost perfect scale. Measurement & Evaluation in Counseling & Development, 34(3), 130.
Stoeber, J., Chesterman, D., & Tarn, T. A. (2010). Perfectionism and task performance: Time on task mediates the perfectionistic strivings- performance relationship. Personality and Individual Differences, 48(4), 458-462.
Stoeber, J., & Eismann, U. (2007). Perfectionism in young musicians: Relations with motivation, effort, achievement, and distress. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(8), 2182-2192.
Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295-319.
Tuominen-Soini, H., Salmela-Aro, K., & Niemivirta, M. (2008). Achievement goal orientations and subjective well-being: A person-centred analysis. Learning and Instruction, 18(3), 251-266.
VandeWalle, D., Cron, W. L., & Slocum, J. W. (2001). The role of goal orientation following performance feedback. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 629-640.
VandeWalle, D. (1997). Development and validation of a work domain goal orientation instrument. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 57, 995-1015.
Verner-Filion, J., & Gaudreau, P. (2010). From perfectionism to academic adjustment: The mediating role of achievement goals. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(3), 181-186.
Zhang, Y. W., Gan, Y. Q., & Cham, H. N. (2007). Perfectionism, academic burnout and engagement among Chinese college students: A structural equation modeling analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(6), 1529-1540.
