ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구는 낙관성이 중학생의 진로태도성숙과 학교생활만족도에 미치는 영향을 성취동기와 자아강도를 매개변인으로 하여 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 중학생 465명을 대상으로 낙관성, 성취동기, 자아강도, 진로태도성숙, 학교생활만족도를 측정하였고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 낙관성, 성취동기, 자아강도는 진로태도성숙, 학교생활만족도와 유의한 정적 상관이 있었으며, 성별에 따라 진로태도성숙과 학교생활만족도를 설명하는 낙관성과 성취동기, 자아강도의 설명량에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 남학생의 경우, 낙관성은 진로태도성숙과 학교생활만족도에 대하여 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 이런 관계를 성취동기와 자아강도가 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 여학생의 경우, 낙관성은 진로태도성숙과 학교생활만족도에 대하여 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 이런 관계를 성취동기가 매개하는 것으로 나타났으나, 낙관성과 진로태도성숙의 하위척도인 목적성과의 관계만은 매개하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 자아강도는 낙관성과 진로태도성숙의 하위척도 중 확신성과 준비성과의 관계만을 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 변인들의 차이검증에서는 남학생이 여학생에 비해 학교생활만족도가 유의하게 높았고, 여학생은 남학생에 비해 낙관성이 유의하게 높았다. 이러한 연구는 개인의 긍정적인 심리적 특성인 낙관성이 진로태도와 학교적응에 미치는 영향을 경험적으로 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 추후 연구를 위한 제언들을 논의하였다.
This research examined the effects of optimism on career attitude maturity and degree of satisfaction toward school using achievement motivation and ego strength as parameters. For this, a survey was conducted on 465 of middle school students with questions on optimism, achievement motivation, ego strength, career attitude maturity and degree of satisfaction toward school. The results revealed that optimism, achievement motivation, and ego strength were in significant correlation with career attitude maturity and degree of satisfaction toward school, and each gender had different effects. In case of male students, career attitude maturity and degree of satisfaction toward school are affected by optimism, and achievement motivation and ego strength act as parameters on such correlation. However, it was found that achievement motivation do not act as a parameter for purposefulness, which is a sub-element of optimism and career attitude maturity, and that ego strength does not act as a parameter for optimism, purposefulness, and independence. As for female students, career attitude maturity and degree of satisfaction toward school were found to be affected by optimism, and achievement motivation act as a parameter in this correlation, but such relationship did not exist for optimism and purposefulness. Measurement of differences of variables for each gender revealed that female students had high level of optimism and male students had high level degree of satisfaction toward school. The results of this research are important, for discovering that optimism has different levels of correlation to career attitude and adaptation to school depending on the gender and according to parametric effects of achievement motivation and ego strength. Implications for the further studies were suggested.
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