최근 들어 매개효과 및 조절효과를 검증한 논문들이 상담심리학 분야에서 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 매개효과와 조절효과는 상담심리학자들이 관심을 두고 있는 다양한 심리 현상에 대한 이해를 증진시킬 수 있다는 점에서 그 의미가 크다. 특히, 변인들 간에 존재하는 복잡한 관계를 이해할 수 있을 뿐 아니라 상담실제에서 보다 초점을 두고 개입해야 할 변인들을 확인할 수 있다. 그러나 많은 연구자들이 매개효과와 조절효과가 정확히 무엇을 의미하고 어떻게 다른지에 대해 여전히 혼란스러워 하고 있는 듯하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 매개효과와 조절효과를 개념적으로 구분하고, 매개효과 및 조절효과를 검증하기 위한 자료 분석 절차를 기술하였다. 매개효과를 검증하는 방법으로는 다중 회귀분석과 구조방정식 모형을 소개하였고, 구조방정식 모형을 적용해서 자료를 분석할 때 많이 사용하는 문항꾸러미와 부트스트래핑 절차에 관해서도 기술하였다. 조절효과를 검증하는 방법으로는 위계적 회귀분석과 구조방정식 모형을 소개하였는데, 특히 예측변인과 조절변인이 모두 연속변인일 경우 구조방정식 모형을 적용할 때 많이 사용되는 Ping(1996)의 2단계 접근을 소개하였다.
Recently, the number of studies examining mediator and moderator effects has been increasing within the field of counseling psychology. Both types of effects hold much potential for furthering our understanding of complicated relations among variables and also identifying variables that counselors may need to focus their attention in counseling practice. However, there is confusion over the meaning of and differences between mediator and moderator effects in counseling psychology research. The purposes of this article a re to (a) conceptually differentiate between mediator and moderator effects and (b) describe how to test each type of effect. The author focuses on the use of multiple regression and structural equation modeling to detect mediator and moderator effects. In particular, the author introduces Ping's (1996) two-step approach to analyzing moderator effects using structural equation modeling in studies involving continuous moderators.
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