최근 체험적 심리치료가 기존의 상담 및 심리치료의 대안적 모델로서 “제 3세력”으로 불리며 급성장하고 있지만, 국내에서는 아직 낯설고 생소한 치료 이론으로서 체험적 치료에 대한 연구가 많이 미흡한 상태이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 체험적 심리치료가 무엇인지 그 정체성을 규명하고, 효과 연구를 중심으로 체험적 치료에 대해 체계적으로 고찰하였다. 체험적 치료는 내담자의 체험적 과정에 초점을 두는 심리치료적 접근이다. 먼저, 체험적 치료의 유래가 되는 내담자 중심 치료, 게슈탈트 치료, 실존 치료 등 세 가지 인본주의적 접근이 체험적 치료의 탄생에 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지 살펴보았다. 또한 체험적 접근에 속한 치료 이론들의 공통된 치료적 관점과 특징이 무엇인지 정리하고, 포커싱 지향 심리치료, 정서중심치료 및 과정체험적 치료, 게슈탈트 치료 등 체험적 치료 이론들을 핵심적인 개념과 원리를 중심으로 개관하였다. 이러한 체험적 심리치료가 상담 및 심리치료 이론으로서 치료적 효과가 있는지 과정체험적 치료를 중심으로 논의하였으며, 체험적 치료의 치료적 요인에 대해 정서적 처리 과정을 중심으로 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 마지막으로, 체험적 치료에 대한 주요 이슈들을 제안하고, 필요한 앞으로의 연구 과제들을 제시하였다.
Experiential psychotherapy, an alternative model of counseling and coined as the “third power” of psychotherapy is growing rapidly. However, little research exists specific to experiential therapy in Korea. This article delves into the identity of, and systematically investigates the effects of experiential psychotherapy in Korea. Experiential therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on the client's experiential process. First, we examined the effects of the three humanistic approaches from which experiential therapy originated: Client-Centered therapy, Gestalt therapy, and Existential therapy. In addition, we summarized the core concepts, principles, common therapeutic viewpoints, and characteristics of therapeutic approaches belonging to the experiential approach: Focusing-Oriented psychotherapy, Emotion Focused therapy, Process-Experiential therapy, and Gestalt therapy. Therapeutic effects of experiential psychotherapy were discussed with emphasis on process-experiential therapy. The therapeutic factors of experiential therapy were examined with emphasis on emotional processing. Major issues and future research suggestions are presented.
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