Abstract

This theoretical review deals with the issue of the "Goodness-of-fit" between individuals' temperament and their contextual environment, which has great influences on psychological well-being. First of all, it investigated the definition of temperament and the history of temperament studies, the New York Longitudinal Study (NYLS) by Thomas and Chess and their stylistic approach toward temperament. In the main body, the definition of the "Goodness-of-fit" model, and the Revised Dimension of Temperament Survey were discussed. And some specific applications of the model in the areas of cross-cultural comparison, interpersonal relationship, academic performance, and mental health, were also thoroughly reviewed. Finally, the implication and limitations of the model on human development and psychological adjustment were discussed.