ISSN : 1229-067X
The present study aims to review previous researches of cognitive psychology on the attentional bias effect in emotional disorder. Firstly, we reviewed experimental paradigms(e.g., emotioinal stroop task, dot probe detection task) used in studies for attentional effect related to emotional information processing. Secondly, general results obtained in these experimental paradigm were analysed across each emotional disorder(e.g., depression, anxiety, and phobia). Thirdly, theoretical models proposed to account these results were presented. Finally, we proposed that a more integrative model for accounting emotional information processing need more than one level of processing. At least, two level of processing (e.g., conscious and non conscious processing) is needed.
(1967b) University of Pennsylbania Press, Depression
(1976) Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorder, International Universities Press
(1981) Mood and Memory,
(1987) Commentary on mood and memory,
(1997) Attentional biases for negative inormation in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria,
(2000) Covert and overt orienting of attention to emotional faces in anxiety,
(1995a) Selective processing of negative information Effects of clinical anxiety Journal of Abnormal Psychology, concurrent depression
(1981) The degree of control exerted by phobic and non phobic verbal stimuli over the recognition behaviour of phobic and non phobic subjects,
(1988) A cognitive model of panic attacks, Lawrence Erlbaum Association Inc
(1988) Relations between daily life events and self-reported mood Journal of personality and Social Psychology,
(2002) Anxiety- Related Attentional Biases and Their Regulation by Attentional Control ,
(1988b) Selective processing of threat cues in subjects with panic attacks,
(1986) Sensitivity to feared stimuli in obsessive-compulsives,
(1989) Effect of a cognitive-behavioral panic treatment on the information-processing of threat-related material Paper presented to the 23rd Annual AABT Convention,
(1987) Construct accessibility and clinical depression:A longitudinal investigation,
(1984) Construct accessibility and depression:An examination of cognitive and affective factors,
(1988) Finding the face in the crowd Journal of personalty and social psychology,
(1999) Eye Movement Registration as a Continuous Index of Attention Deployment Date from a Group of Spider Anxious Students,
(1980) Representation of the self in social phobia Vulnerability to social threat,
(1984) Toword an information processing analysis of depression,
(1993) Four systems of emotion activation:Cognitive and noncognitive processes,
(1990) The Stroop task as a measure of construct accessibility of depression,
(2004190-194) Relationship of attentional bias to anxiety sensitivity and panic, depression and anxiety
(1998) Emotion, motivation, and anxiety: Brain mechanisms and psychophysiology.,
(1986) Sensory systems and emotion:A model of affective processing,
(1989) Cognitive-emotional Interactions in the brain,
(2000) Emotion circuits in the brain Annual Reviews in the Neurosciences,
(1979) A perceptual motor processing model of emotion Perception of emotion in self and others, Plenum Press
(1984) A perceptual motor theory of emotion Advances in experimental social psychology, Academic Press
(1992) Individual differences in the selective processing of threatening information and emotional responses to a stressful life event,
(1991b) Biased cognitive operations in anxiety Accessibility of information or assignment of processing priorities? Behavior Research and Therapy,
(1992) Anxiety and the selective processing of emotional information Mediating roles of awareness and personal relevance of stimulus materials,
(1992) Integral bias in naming of phobia-related words,
(1991) Does anxiety lead to selective processing of threat-related information? Behaviour Research and Therapy,
(1988) Anxiety and the processing of threatening information Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation,
(1993) Emotionality and interference with color-naming in anxiety,
(1998) Cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety,
(1985) Selective processing of threat cues in anxiety states,
(1986) Discrimination of threat cues without awareness in anxiety states Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
(2002) Induced processing biases have causal effects on anxiety,
(1989b) The interpretation of homophones related to threat in anxiety states Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
(1993) Suppression of emotional Stroop effects by fear-arousal,
(1991) Depression and processing of emotional stimulus:A study of semantic priming,
(1999) The cognitive science of attention and emotion Handbook of cognition and emotion,
(1995) Selective attention and clinical depression:Performance on a deployment of attention task,
(1993) Assessment of intrusive cognition in PTSD:Use of the modified Stroop paradigm,
(1990) Selective processing in threat cues in post-traumatic stress disorder Joural of Abnormal Psychology,
(1987) Cognition and agoraphobia:Bias in the interpretation of threat,
(1994) Attentional bias to threat Roles of trait anxiety Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,
(1998) A cognitive- motivational analysis of anxiety,
(2005) Attentional Bias in Generalized Anxiety Disorder Versus Depressive Disorder,
(1995) Attentional bias in anxiety and depression The role of awareness ,
(1993) Subliminal processing of emotional information in anxiety and depression Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
(1992) Attentional bias to threat in clinical anxiety states,
(1991) Biased cognitive operations in anxiety,
(1989) Selecting processing of threat cues in anxiety states,
(2000) Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalised anxiety disorder and depressive disorder ,
(2004) Selective Attention to Angry Faces in Clinical Social Phobia ,
(1997) The performance of clinically depressed children and adolescents on the modified Stroop paradigm,
(2000) Lack of attentional bias for emotional information in clinically depressed children and adolescents Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines,
(1987) Towards a cognitive theory of emotion,
(1979) The orienting reflex in humans, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
(1993) Fear and anxiety as emotional phenomena Handbook of emotions, Guilford Press
(1984) A breakdown of perceptual defence? British Journal of Psychiatry, Depression
(1995) A priming methodology for studying self-representation in major depressive disorder Journal of Abnormal Psychology,
(1985) The effet of mood on wood recognition,
(1988) The influence of induced depressed mood on visual recognition thresholds predictive ambiguity of associative network models of mood and cognition,
of interference in serial verbal reactions Journal of Experimental Psychology,
(1983) Negative thinking in depression effect or reciprocal relationship Archives of General Psychiatry,
(1986a) Colour naming of phobia-related words British Journal of Psychology,
(1986b) Processing of phobic stimuli,
(1997) Cognitive psychology and emotional disorders ,
(1992200-205) Post-traumatic stress disorder in child survivors of shipping disasters The sinking of the,