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ISSN : 1229-067X

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Vol.26 No.2
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아동의 행위자 성향 추론 능력의 발달

The development of abilities to infer others' dispositions in preschoolers

한국심리학회지: 일반 / Korean Journal of Psychology: General, (P)1229-067X; (E)2734-1127
2007, v.26 no.2, pp.83-100
윤정은 (연세대학교)
송현주 (연세대학교)
윤정은, & 송현주. (2007). 아동의 행위자 성향 추론 능력의 발달. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 26(2), 83-100.
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초록

본 연구는 외현적 추론 과제(explicit reasoning task)를 사용하여 학령 전 아동들이 행위자(agent)의 선호도(preferences) 혹은 특질(trait)과 같은 성향(disposition)에 대해 이해할 수 있는지를 보았다. 본 연구의 자극으로는 기존 연구(Kuhlmeier & Wynn, 2003)에서 사용된 자극과 유사한 동영상이 사용되어, 스스로 움직이는 것처럼 보이는 도형들이 서로 돕거나 방해하는 장면들이 아동들에게 제시되었다. 동영상을 보고 난 후 아동들에게 두 종류의 과제가 실시되었다. 첫째, 이후의 새로운 상황에서 주인공이 누구에게 다가갈 것인지를 묻는 선호 행동 예측 과제를 실시하였다. 둘째, 주인공을 도와주는 행위자와 방해하는 행위자 중에서 누가 더 착한지(혹은 나쁜지) 묻는 특질 추론 과제를 실시하여 도덕성에 가까운 추상적인 특질까지도 추론할 수 있는지를 보고자 했다. 실험 1, 2의 결과 선호 행동 예측 과제는 만 2.5세 이상의 아동이, 특질 추론 과제는 만 3.5세 이상의 아동이 성공함을 보였다. 실험 3에서는 아동들이 행동 의도에 근거하여 행위자의 성향을 판단할 수 있는지 보기 위해, 도와주려고 한 행동이 의도했던 결과를 이끌어내지 못하는 상황을 보여주면서 선호 행동 예측 과제와 특질 추론 과제를 실시한 결과, 만 3.5세 아동들이 행동의 의도에 근거해서 행위자의 성향을 추론할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 본 연구의 결과는 기존의 연구들에서 나타난 영아기 심리 추론 능력들과 비교되었고, 타 행위자의 성향에 대한 아동기 지식의 본질이 무엇인지 논의되었다.

keywords
dispositions, traits, theory of mind, explicit knowledge, 성향 이해, 특질 이해, 마음 이론, 외현적 지식

Abstract

The present research examined whether preschoolers can infer others’ dispositions in explicit reasoning tasks. Children watched two types of events in which a circle, a triangle and a square interacted. In one, either the triangle or square helped the circle climb a hill. In the other, the other agent hindered the circle from climbing the hill. After watching the events, children were asked (1) to predict which agent the circle would approach in a novel context and (2) to infer which agent was nice or bad. The children had to provide either verbal or gestural responses to the questions. The results showed that 2.5-year-olds but not younger children could predict the circle’s preference-based action. When inferring the agents’ traits, only 3.5-year-olds succeeded in the task; They did so even when the helping agent’s action did not lead to the achievement of the circle’s goal. The results are discussed in terms of the distinction between the implicit and explicit levels of knowledge of others’ dispositions.

keywords
dispositions, traits, theory of mind, explicit knowledge, 성향 이해, 특질 이해, 마음 이론, 외현적 지식

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